2026-05-17T17:16:44Z https://oai.jelsciences.com/index.php

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1111 2020-05-26 JBRES:VOL1

Analysis of Reported Case Fatality Rate and Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Italy [{"author_name":"Alireza Hamidian Jahromi","author_email":"","department":"","university":"T","country":"","number":""}] In a recent viewpoint publication in the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), Onder, et al. provided insight into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy along with an explanation of the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanita [ISS]) surveillance system [1]. Onder calculated the overall attributed COVID-19 fatality rate of 7.2% in the Italian population, based on the data up to March 17th, 2020 (1625 deaths/22 512 cases) [1]. Onder and colleagues proposed the demographic characteristics of the Italian population (higher older age distribution in the population compared to some other nations) and the associated comorbidities, lack of clearly defined COVID-19 related deaths and the differences in calculation methods in Italy and internationally along with country-specific differences in testing strategies as possible explanations for the higher Italian case-fatality rate compared with some other nations (i.e. China) [1]. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-05-26 Short Communication text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1111 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1111.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Alireza Hamidian Jahromi","author_email":"","department":"","university":"T","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1112 2020-05-27 JBRES:VOL1

Malignant Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Associated with COVID-19 Infection [{"author_name":"Pablo J de la Fuente","author_email":"PabloJoseba.DelaFuenteVilla@osakidetza.eus","department":"Department of Neurosurgery","university":"C","country":"Spain","number":"+346-172-042-91"}] Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) originating from Wuhan, China, is spreading around the world. Apart from respiratory, cardiac and vascular complications, acute neurological symptoms and acute cerebrovascular disease have also been observed. Methods: A 36 year old female with severe cerebral stroke and COVID pneumonia and its clinical characteristics and evolution are described. Results of two retrospective studies about the incidence of Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) amongst the positive cases for the new coronavirus are shown. An evaluation of the relationship between CVD and previous infections, their stational distribution, and the possible causes of this damage out of the brain is described. Result: Yanan Li, et al found a 6% of CVD. Ling Mao, et al showed a 5% only amongst the patients defined as severe. Non-severe patients had a 0.8 % incidence. These authors found that in patients with more risk factors that could present more often a severe disease and CVD, some of these factors could in fact be common for a pneumonia or stroke. We could observe that respiratory infections are described risk factors for CVD, especially for cervico-cerebral Artery Dissections (CAD). The seasonal variation also suggests a possible association. It is not well known how the new coronavirus spreads through the human body from the lungs. A possible triggering mechanism might be through the interaction with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) or the cytokine cascade that could create blood coagulation disorders. Conclusion: At this stage of the pandemic, we do not yet know much about the ability of the new coronavirus to produce CVD. This single case report only suggests a possible association between COVID-19 and CVD. More cases with epidemiological data are required to confirm and measure this association, although the role of infections in CVD through a not well-defined mechanism has been described frequently. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-05-27 Case Report text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1112 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1112.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Pablo J de la Fuente","author_email":"PabloJoseba.DelaFuenteVilla@osakidetza.eus","department":"Department of Neurosurgery","university":"C","country":"Spain","number":"+346-172-042-91"}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1113 2020-06-04 JBRES:VOL1

Dermoid Cyst of the Frontal Bone: A Case Report [{"author_name":"Jimu00e9nez-Veuthey Mariana*, Zapata Luz Marina, Vezzosi-Zoto Gina, Sacks Natalia, Flores Agustina, Zampedri Patricia and Zampedri Carolina","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Introduction: Dermoid cysts are benign tumors that originate from aberrant primordial tissues. About 7% of all dermoid cysts are located in the head and neck region. We present here the case of a periorbital dermoid cyst in a 34 years old patient, involving the frontal bone.Case Report: We report the case of a 34 years old female patient, who has a history of a cystic formation of the superior inner angle of the right orbit, for which she received surgery 3 years prior. Clinical examination found a swelling located in the superior inner angle of the right eye, of hard consistency, painless, without local inflammatory signs, measuringapproximatively 2 cm. A CT-scan was realized, showing images of an encapsulated and limited supraorbital lesion, developed on both sides of the frontal bone, with an external component. Histopathology examination revealed the presence of keratinized squamous cells, confirming the diagnosis of a dermoid cyst.Conclusion: Frontal dermoid cysts are uncommon but need to be considered as a differential diagnosis of any mass in orbital region. CT can help to suggest the diagnosis. Its surgical excision must be complete to avoid recurrence. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-06-04 Case Report text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1113 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1113.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Jimu00e9nez-Veuthey Mariana*, Zapata Luz Marina, Vezzosi-Zoto Gina, Sacks Natalia, Flores Agustina, Zampedri Patricia and Zampedri Carolina","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1114 2020-06-11 JBRES:VOL1

Effects of Irradiance and Different Nitrogen and Carbon Concentrations on the Minerals Accumulation in Scenedesmus obliquus Biomass [{"author_name":"Jimenez-Veuthey Mariana*, Zapata Luz Marina, Vezzosi-Zoto Gina, Sacks Natalia, Flores Agustina, Zampedri Patricia and Zampedri Carolina","author_email":"","department":"","university":"N","country":"","number":""}] Microalgae are capable of absorbing and concentrating constituent elements that have a wide variety of applications in agriculture, food industry, and medicine. Microalgae chemical composition change according to internal and external factors. In this study, the effect of irradiance, sodium nitrate and sodium acetate concentration on the accumulation of essential minerals in Scenedesmus obliquus biomass were evaluated using 23 factorial screening designs. The simultaneous effect of the three experimental factors was studied using three levels for each parameter (irradiance: 36.71, 69.50, 102.30 Î¼E m-2 s-1, sodium nitrate: 0.27, 44.00, 87.73 g L-1 and sodium acetate: 0.00, 2.50, 5.02 g L-1). The response variables were the minerals concentration of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn. Results show that each mineral has an optimal operation condition in order to improve its concentration in the microalgae biomass. A significant interaction between the variables was observed, which has direct effects on the minerals accumulation in the microalgae biomass. Under these conditions, the maximum concentration of K (1515.77 [mg (100gdw)-1]), Ca (2744.24 [mg (100gdw)-1]), Mg (9697.65 [mg (100gdw)-1]), Fe (2932.42 [mg (100gdw)-1]), Mn (38.48 [mg (100gdw)-1]), Zn (324.00 [mg (100gdw)-1]) and the minimum concentration of Na (5607.20 [mg (100gdw)-1]) were obtained from the microalga biomass. Thus, Scenedesmus obliquus biomass was characterized as good essential mineral source and confirmed to be potentially valuable ingredient for utilization in the food industry. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-06-11 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1114 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1114.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Jimenez-Veuthey Mariana*, Zapata Luz Marina, Vezzosi-Zoto Gina, Sacks Natalia, Flores Agustina, Zampedri Patricia and Zampedri Carolina","author_email":"","department":"","university":"N","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1115 2020-06-12 JBRES:VOL1

Recommendations for Individualized Rehabilitation of Syncope in Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Epidemic [{"author_name":"Xin Wang, Haihui Xiao, Yi Xu and Cheng Wang*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"C","country":"","number":""}] Since December 2019, the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in WuHan, HuBei province, has spread to the whole country and abroad. As a susceptible population, the number of children and adolescents is increasing day by day. Under the severe situation of epidemic prevention and control, pediatric department has successively launched the expert consensus and treatment recommendations on the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in related fields. Syncope is a common emergency in children and adolescents, recurrent syncope seriously affects the quality of life and mental health of children. It is difficult for children with syncope to seek medical treatment during the epidemic period. This paper puts forward some Suggestions on the rehabilitation of children and adolescents with syncope during the epidemic period. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-06-12 Letter to Editor text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1115 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1115.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Xin Wang, Haihui Xiao, Yi Xu and Cheng Wang*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"C","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1116 2020-06-17 JBRES:VOL1

Cinnamomum verum and its Effects on the Visual Motor Speed in Humans [{"author_name":"Ranyah Khan* and Anna Patterson","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] Cinnamon is used in a variety of cuisines, herbal supplements, teas, and other unique variations. Use of it as a spice dates back thousands of years and is primarily found in the lower regions of Asia in places like Sri Lanka and India. This experiment was designed to examine the effects of cinnamon on visual motor reflexes. It was hypothesized that the longer a participant smelt cinnamon the faster their reflex time would be. Participants were used as an internal control to check their base reflexes when initially unexposed to cinnamon, before repeating the experiment with the smell of cinnamon diffusing through the air. This was recorded using an online computer program provided by Washington University that functions as a click the button test. Participants had to press the button every time they saw a computerized traffic light turn green. We then calculated the changes in visual motor response time in intervals of two minutes for ten minutes. The means and standard deviation of each trial for each participant was calculated through both a calculator and the computer program. Most participants showed similar trends in their results with only a few outliers. Afterwards, the means were compared which revealed a gradual decrease in reflex time and statistically significant data with a P value of 0.0026, which supports our hypothesis that the smell of cinnamon decreases reflex response time. This can support the idea that cinnamon may be utilized in everyday activities to enhance mental abilities and may act as a significant stimulant to prevent drowsy driving. The experiment did not account for reflex acclimation however, which may provide a possible source of error in our data set. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-06-17 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1116 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1116.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Ranyah Khan* and Anna Patterson","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1117 2020-06-17 JBRES:VOL1

Determination of an Antiviral Activity of a Composition Comprising Glutathione Reductase (GSSG-R) and Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) for Pharmaceutical use: Experiments In vitro and In vivo [{"author_name":"Raffaele Ansovini* and Leonardo Compagnucci","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] There are several viruses that are not currently covered by efficient antiviral terapies, as towards Poliovirus and the new Covid19. The spread of atypical viral strains strongly raises the need of having efficient terapies with wide coverage against viruses. In the following experiments it was used a composition comprising Glutathione Reductase (GSSG-r) and Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG), which we call GR compound, for pharmaceutical use as antiviral, in vitro, towards RNA nad DNA virus, and in vivo towards a Swine Flu Virus (H1N1) adapted to the mouse. Glutathione is present in the cells in form of Reduced Glutathyione (GSH) and Oxidized Glutathyione (GSSG). The GSH:GSSG ratio indicates the antioxidant capacity of the cell and it is maintained in favour of GSH due to GSSG-r, an enzyme belonging to the class of oxidoreductase which rigenerates GSH starting from GSSG. The GR compound binds to the membrane of cells infected with virus, and repolarizes the membranes so that the Glutamate comes back in the cell and the synthesis of Glutathione starts again. Maintaining a correct GSH:GSSG ratio is an essential requirement for the vitality and survival of the cell. This technology exerts its primary action electrochemically (oxidation-reductive state) both in the host cell and in the virus. Practically the virus, entering the cell, depolarises the cell membrane thus preventing the entry of Glutamate (due to the inhibition of its transport carrier), which is fundamental for the synthesis of Glutathione. Glutathione continuosly passing from reduced to oxidized generates and maintains the reductive-oxide state, necessary for the cell; all this leads to the non-formation of the sulfur bridges of viral proteins, which thus, changed in allosterism and spatial configuration, are completely eliminated by the immune system; all viruses are weakened, HIV, Covid19, Polio, Ebola, because all viruses must go through this step: the protein formation. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-06-17 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1117 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1117.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Raffaele Ansovini* and Leonardo Compagnucci","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1118 2020-06-22 JBRES:VOL1

Antibiogram Pattern of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Domestic Dog Faecal Matter in Port Harcourt Metropolis [{"author_name":"Azuonwu Obioma*, Ihua Nnenna and Ahiakwo Christian","author_email":"","department":"","university":"R","country":"","number":""}] This study was aimed at investigating the Antibiogram pattern of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria that are associated with Domestic dog faecal matter in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Convenient sampling techniques were explored for sample collection. A total of fifty samples were collected from domestic dogs from different locations (Agip estates, Rumuokoro, GRA, Sandfill, Town, RSU lecturersâ€™ quarters) within Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. The bacteriological analysis was determined using standard microbiological procedures and identification techniques. Potential pathogens associated with domestic dog faecal matter that were isolated include; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, Proteus species, Bacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species. However other species of Staphylococcus were also isolated respectively. The study showed that among the seven antibiotics used, tarivid was the most sensitive (96%), while peflacin was the most resistant (62%). The correlation analysis showed the relationship between isolates and bacterial count with antibiogram revealed that only Ciproflaxacin showed significant correlation with the isolates (r = 0.322, p = 0.02). This study strongly suggests that domestic dogs carry potential pathogenic organisms present in the faecal matter that can serve as sources of infection to the pet owners, especially the strains showing resistance to antibiotics. These pose a community health threat, thus putting the general public at risk of contracting infections. It is, therefore, important that these domestic dogs including the ones used as pets should be treated and possibly vaccinated frequently, even as faecal matter from domestic dogs should be well disposed to prevent possible zoonotic infections to man from the contaminated environment. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-06-22 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1118 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1118.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Azuonwu Obioma*, Ihua Nnenna and Ahiakwo Christian","author_email":"","department":"","university":"R","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1119 2020-07-02 JBRES:VOL1

The Hypothetical Role of Erythrocytes in COVID-19: Immediate Clinical Therapy [{"author_name":"Raffaele Ansovini* and Leonardo Compagnucci","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] We suppose a hypothetical role of erythrocytes in COVID-19: Involvement of bone marrow; evidences of the presence of ferritins in the autoptic spleen; role of erythrocytes in the production of thrombosis; the reason of using chloroquine and heparin; the similar actions with HIV-1; protection of HIV patients and Thalassemic patients from Covid19; reason of increase of Kawasaki patients; At last the protective role of Methylene blue in COVID 19. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-07-02 Short Communication text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1119 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1119.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Raffaele Ansovini* and Leonardo Compagnucci","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1120 2020-08-01 JBRES:VOL1

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Veli Lake Sediments - Kerala Coast of India [{"author_name":"Leena Grace Beslin*","author_email":"","department":"Department of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum-695581, India","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] Organisms inhabiting in water require little amount of trace elements. At finest level they are favorable and further than that edge it affected fatal to the ecosystem. Continuous dumping of impurities like heavy metals from various supplies in significant quantities are constantly discharged into the rivers reaches estuaries and oceans. For the reason of this unwanted human liberation oceanic biosphere is recognized to hold heaviness of heavy metals. For most of the heavy metals estuarine sediments form the ultimate catch. The metals entering the system through various sources may associate with the sediment particles either by absorption are gradually sink with sediment or they may get released when mixed with marine water due to altered physico-chemical environment. Veli Lake is polluted by different means which is situated in the south west coast of India (Kerala). The additional quantities of heavy metals come from agricultural, industrial and domestic wastes. Hence sediments are indicators of the quality of overlying water, for the present study five different heavy metals were analyzed from the sediments of Veli Lake. Monthly collection of sediments and analysis were carried out for a period of one year (April-2017 to March-2018). The five metals analyzed were copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc. Low levels of copper were observed in all the stations while comparing other metals. The seasonal variations were also noted for all the five metals and discussed. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-08-01 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1120 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1120.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Leena Grace Beslin*","author_email":"","department":"Department of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum-695581, India","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1121 2020-08-07 JBRES:VOL1

Effects of Root Bioaccumulation of Arsenic and Mercury on the Expression of the Nramp2b Gene in Prosopis Alba (Griseb) [{"author_name":"Sergio Loyola, Claudia Cu00e1rcamo, Francisca Concha, Cristian Becerra, Luis Pouchucq*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"M","country":"","number":""}] Finding of vegetal species suitable for ecologic restoration in arid climates is a primary goal of most of the governmental and private companies for fighting against the desertification and the recovery of contaminated soils. The Prosopis genus, a desert woody leguminous, with a wide distribution around the world, represents a very interesting source of highly tolerant and adaptable trees for revegetation and bioremediation of soils contaminated with metal and metalloids (metal(loid)s). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the South American representative of this genus, P. alba, as a possible solution for restoration of soils contaminated with mercury and arsenic. For this, we assessed possible tolerance mechanisms against both metal (loid) s by means of the evaluation of bioaccumulation behaviors and expression changes in metal (loid) tolerance genes. The results revealed that P. alba was able to tolerate high metal (loid) concentrations, related with the accumulation of high quantities of arsenic and mercury in the roots, with bioaccumulation factors of 2, 8 and 3, 1 respectively. Moreover, changes in the expression levels of the gene codifying for the metal transporter NRAMP2b was also observed after the exposure to the metal (loid) s, decreasing ten times for arsenic and three times for mercury. All of these results revealed the existence of cellular mechanisms that allow P. Alba to tolerate and accumulate high quantities of arsenic and mercury diluted into the substrate, making it a promising prospect for the treatment of contaminated soils. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-08-07 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1121 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1121.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Sergio Loyola, Claudia Cu00e1rcamo, Francisca Concha, Cristian Becerra, Luis Pouchucq*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"M","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1122 2020-08-10 JBRES:VOL1

New Theory of Soil and Water Conservation [{"author_name":"Zhongsheng Guo*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"N","country":"","number":""}] Water and soil loss affects the carbon and nitrogen cycles of terrestrial ecosystems, forest vegetation ecosystem products and services, and ultimately the quality of life and sustainable development of the public. China has the most serious soil erosion in the world, notably on the Loess Plateau. After years of efforts, soil and water conservation in China has developed rapidly, the surface runoff and soil loss in soil and water loss areas have decreased rapidly, and peopleâ€™s living standards have gradually improved. With these improved living standards, people have higher requirements for soil and water conservation. However, soil and water conservation lacks scientific theoretical guidance. In this paper, through comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, a new theory of soil and water conservation is proposed. The results shows that soil and water losses refer to the process of transferring soil and water resources from one place to another, and the consequences of these losses can be divided into positive and negative effects. Soil and water conservation is not only the use of some methods or measures to reduce soil erosion to soil allowable loss requirements, but also to make efficient use of soil and water resources. The construction standard of soil and water conservation measures must be based on the allowable amount of soil erosion and be applied using spatially optimal allocation, and the work of soil and water conservation should ensure regional ecological security and realize the sustainable development of soil and water conservation. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-08-10 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1122 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1122.pdf Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Zhongsheng Guo*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"N","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1123 2020-08-12 JBRES:VOL1

Covid-19 Pandemic-Insights and Challenges [{"author_name":"Lakshmi S*, Shehna S, Vimal S, Midhu GV, Shiny DV, Sreelekshmi S, Reshmi R and Abi SA","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak affected a large number of deaths with millions of confirmed cases worldwide. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is associated with respiratory illness that lead to severe pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Covid-19 shows some unique pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features. On the basis of the phylogenetic relationship as well as genomic structures, the Covid-19 belongs to genera Betacoronavirus. Human Betacoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV) have shared similarities, yet differences also in their genomic and phenotypic level that influence the pathogenesis. To gain knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and virulence of the Covid-19 virus, it is absolutely necessary to understand its genetic makeup, transmission, virulence factors, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical presentations, outcome predictions, management of risk factors and ways to control the disease thus providing an insight to the current or future treatment and management protocols. To provide a review of the differences in pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features of Covid-19, its transmission and replication dynamics, genome organization, current clinical trials and vaccine development strategies, Immunoinformatics, diagnostics and ways to control the pandemic, inorder to raise an increasing awareness, both to the public and for scientific perspectives. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-08-12 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1123 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1123.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Lakshmi S*, Shehna S, Vimal S, Midhu GV, Shiny DV, Sreelekshmi S, Reshmi R and Abi SA","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1124 2020-08-13 JBRES:VOL1

A Review: Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies [ACTs] and K13 Polymorphism [{"author_name":"Aqeel Ahmad and Sultan Ahmad*","author_email":"","department":"","university":" ","country":"","number":""}] Malaria is caused by four plasmodium species in humans (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale) which spread from one person to another via the bite of female Anopheles mosquito. P. falciparum causes most deaths from malaria [1] and is most prevalent on the African continent whereas P. vivax has a wider geographical distribution [2]. According to the latest WHO estimates, released in December 2015, there were 214 million cases of malaria in 2015 and 438,000 deaths [3]. Existing strategies to control malaria include vector control, chemoprevention and case management [4]. Without a fruitful antibody that would offer security against malaria, we have to depend on anti-malarial prescription to treat just as lessen the odds of getting the disease [5-8]. Artemisinin in mix with other moderate acting medications is suggested for the treatment of P. falciparum [9,10]. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-08-13 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1124 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1124.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Aqeel Ahmad and Sultan Ahmad*","author_email":"","department":"","university":" ","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1125 2020-08-23 JBRES:VOL1

Ecological Dynamics: An Inspiration for Triggering Epilepsy [{"author_name":"Ambreen Kanwal and Asima Tayyeb*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] Epilepsy is a rigorous transmission of electrical impulses across neurons of the brain and reported more prevalent in lower-income countries. A systematic literature review has been performed to implicate the impact of environmental variables on the occurrence of epilepsy using the following keywords: Epilepsy or environmental risk factors or seizures. More than 500 genes have been reported to involve in epilepsy potentially. Moreover, family history with neurological disorders, sleep apnea, depression, alcohol, stress, diet, gestational period of mother, and social involvement are among the risk factors which can reliably predict onset and severity of the disease. Hence, minimizing these factors along with recommended therapies, counseling, and awareness could be a miracle in the life of epileptic patients and can improve societies. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-08-23 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1125 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1125.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Ambreen Kanwal and Asima Tayyeb*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1126 2020-08-23 JBRES:VOL1

Significance of Environmental Genomics Research [{"author_name":"Leena Grace Beslin*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] Environmental Genomics serves as a guide for an environmental scientist who wishes to squeeze genomics to solve environmental problems. Environmental genomics try to find out the approach of an organism or group of organisms to the changes in their external environment at the genetic level [1]. Since the genome responses are diverse, environmental genomics has the necessity integrate molecular biology, physiology, toxicology, ecology, systems biology, epidemiology and population genetics into an interdisciplinary research program [2]. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-08-23 Short Communication text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1126 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1126.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Leena Grace Beslin*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1127 2020-08-26 JBRES:VOL1

A Review on the Possible Leakage of Electrons through the Electron Transport Chain within Mitochondria [{"author_name":"Nafisa Tabassum, Ilora Shabnam Kheya, Syed Abdullah Ibn Asaduzzaman, Syeda Muntaka Maniha, Abrar Hamim Fayz, Amayna Zakaria and Rashed Noor*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The finding of electron leakage during the electron transport within the mitochondrial membrane (in eukaryotes) or in the cell membrane of the prokaryotes is an important issue for the accumulation of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the cytosol which in turn induce the probable aging of cells. In eukaryotes, mitochondrion is known to be the major site of the ROS generation in different pathological processes which may further cause cell damages as evident through the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, respiratory diseases, cell apoptosis, and even the onset of cancer. Thus, the mitochondrial leakage and the physiological effect of leaked protons and electrons grow up with future interest in energy metabolism. Current review focused on the physiological impact of electron/ proton leakage particularly in the eukaryotic cells based on the previous reports; emphasized on the prospects of the eukaryotic mitochondrion as a modulator of proton and electron leakage; and finally attempted to assess the regulatory mechanisms of such electron/ proton leakage. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-08-26 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1127 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1127.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Nafisa Tabassum, Ilora Shabnam Kheya, Syed Abdullah Ibn Asaduzzaman, Syeda Muntaka Maniha, Abrar Hamim Fayz, Amayna Zakaria and Rashed Noor*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1128 2020-08-31 JBRES:VOL1

Higher Bioavailability and Contamination of Copper in the Eastern Part of Johore Causeway: Will the Pattern Remain the Same Beyond 2020? [{"author_name":"Chee Kong Yap*, Rosimah Nulit, Moslem Sharifinia, Shih Hao Tony Peng, Chee Wah Yap, Hideo Okamura, Mohamad Saupi Ismail and Muhammad Saleem","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] The aim of this paper is to determine and discuss the Concentrations of Copper (Cu) in the different soft tissues of Perna viridis and surface sediments collected from western and eastern parts of Johore Singapore Causeway. In general, it is found that the different tissues of eastern mussel populations were found to have significant (p < 0.05) higher Cu levels than those in the western mussel populations. This indicated higher Cu bioavailability in the eastern part of causeway than that in the western part. The geochemical fractions (except for oxidizable-organic fraction) showed significant (p < 0.05) higher Cu levels in the eastern sediments than those in the western part of the causeway. This indicated higher Cu contamination in the eastern part of causeway than that in the western part. With consistent scientific reports of high metal levels in the eastern part of causeway between 2015-2018, it is predicted that there is a plausible constant source of anthropogenic metal contamination at the eastern part of the causeway beyond 2020 should there is no drastic effective control of the anthropogenic activities. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-08-31 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1128 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1128.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Chee Kong Yap*, Rosimah Nulit, Moslem Sharifinia, Shih Hao Tony Peng, Chee Wah Yap, Hideo Okamura, Mohamad Saupi Ismail and Muhammad Saleem","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1129 2020-09-01 JBRES:VOL1

Environmental Perspective on Menstrual Hygiene Management Along with the Movement towards Biodegradability: A Mini-Review [{"author_name":"Isita Ghosh, Dhaivat Rakholia, Keyur Shah, Disha Bhatt and Mriganka Das*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] The topic indicated in this mini-review is an essential factor for the improvement of society through a clean environment movement. Now, this era of microbes forces us to make such kind of development for creating hazard free and healthy life. Girls in rural areas use old cloths, tissue paper, cotton, wool pieces, or a combination of these items to manage menstrual bleeding. Qualitative studies indicate that only those girls who know about several conventional sanitary pads, they prefer to use it. But for many girls, such pads are unavailable or unaffordable. These pads, when flushed, swell up due to saturation with liquid results in sewage blockage, which is a global problem. Sanitary products with the blood of an infected woman/girl may contain hepatitis and HIV viruses where pathogens can live up to 6 months and will retain in soil/water bodies. Incineration is a technique to dispose of menstrual waste. But the burning of pads releases gases that affect health and environment, where the chemical dioxins are toxic and carcinogenic. Considering this drawback, biodegradable sanitary napkins made from natural fibers are a perfect alternative route creating a hazard-free environment. This article focus on the development of different biodegradable sanitary napkins that are made up of the fiber of different plasnts like jute, banana, cotton, water hyacinth bamboo etc. This development provides infection and irritation-free menstruation using bio-active materials of plant origin, which also possess anti-microbial properties. The final implementation of this product will also benefit society by employing rural women empowerment. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-01 Mini Review text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1129 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1129.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Isita Ghosh, Dhaivat Rakholia, Keyur Shah, Disha Bhatt and Mriganka Das*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1130 2020-09-10 JBRES:VOL1

Street Food Safety, Types and Microbiological Quality in Ethiopia: A Critical Review [{"author_name":"Samuel Chane Teferi*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"S","country":"","number":""}] Street food is food obtained from a street side vendor, often from a makeshift or portable stall and it feeds millions of people daily with a wide variety of foods that are relatively cheap and easily accessible. Street food is intimately connected with take-out, junk food, snacks, and fast foods but it is not protected against insects, dust etc; which may harbor foodborne pathogens. Pathogens present in street vended foods come from different sources and practices, such as, improper food handling, improper waste disposal, contaminated water and improper storage temperature and reheating. Food borne illnesses are defined as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. Like other African and World countries there are many food vendors in Ethiopia where they sell both raw and cooked food items along the streets of different cities but it is far more unhygienic due to several reasons. So the objective of this review paper was to assess the existing research about street food safety, types, hygiene knowledge, and preparation and forward suggestion for stakeholders/policy makers to bridge the gap. Majority of street vended foods in Ethiopia are contaminated by bacteria like Salmonella, S aureus, E coli so the Government should intervene and solve the issue before it is too late. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-10 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1130 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1130.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Samuel Chane Teferi*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"S","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jels1131 2020-09-10 JBRES:VOL1

Primary Prevention of New Pandemic and Biomimetic-Based Adaptation to Situation Connected with COVID-19 Pandemic [{"author_name":"Jan W Dobrowolski*, Zbigniew W Wolkowski and Tadeusz Zaba","author_email":"","department":"","university":"C","country":"","number":""}] Acceleration of worldwide infection with mutant of coronavirus SARS CoV-19 require new paradigmatic of human activity based on negative feed-back system following basic mechanism of Homeostasis of all living organisms and ecosystems. Condition of efficient primary prevention is better integration of cooperation of interdisciplinary teams of experts, knowledge-based society and decision-makers on local scale with working global network focused on common action for efficient protection against contamination of the Human environment with mutagens for reduction risk of incidence new mutants [Ex: Coronaviruses and new pandemics]. Key factor for primary prevention is reduction at the sources emission of immune suppressors, carcinogens and teratogens. Efficient prevention is depended on without delay worldwide introduction of complementary good practice in innovative environmental biotechnology integrated with ecological engineering and circular bioeconomy-driven sustainable development adopted to different kind of regions. Let us recommend heuristic approach, better financial support of transdisciplinary innovative basic and research-developing studies, improvement application of new IT tools for speed dissemination of scientific and technical progress, elimination of bureaucratic barriers and progress in distance problem-solving training and lifelong learning focused on sustainable, knowledge-based society selecting decision-makers with proper imagination and responsibility. Introduction on wider scale innovative biotechnologies [Ex: Recommended by our team modern environmental ecological engineering integrated with renewable sources of energy, laser biotechnology for better adaptation to climate change, aquaculture, apiculture etc.] focused on better prevention against contamination of the air, water and food; would be beneficial for environmental health. It would be also useful for creation in the near future many green jobs all over the world and for reduction risk of unemployment and hunger. International action for greening cities adopted to climate change could be supported by introduction of proposed new generation of eco-buildings and green habitats. The most important eco-innovation would be designing and construction underground centres integrating innovative biotechnologies for waster, wastes management to biogas; useful for also underground greenhouses for wide scale hydroponic production pollutants-free vegetables, mushrooms, supported by laser biotechnology, apiculture and aquaculture. Such life-supporting system would be following ecosystems structure and function as new contribution to circular bioeconomy, especially useful for big cities. In the case of new epidemic, self-supporting in water and food green-habitats; could be more efficient in protection inhabitants against infectors. Taking into consideration synergistic effects of chemical, physical, biological pollutants of the human environment as well as impact of immune suppressors decreasing resistance of humans to infections and carcinogenic effects; is necessary for proper evaluation of existing health hazard as well as for prognostic study and efficient primary prevention against risk of new pandemics. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-10 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1131 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jels1131.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Jan W Dobrowolski*, Zbigniew W Wolkowski and Tadeusz Zaba","author_email":"","department":"","university":"C","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1132 2020-09-11 JBRES:VOL1

The Diary of a Suicidal Youth: A Linguistic Analysis [{"author_name":"David Lester*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"S","country":"","number":""}] A Linguistic Analysis using a Computer Program (LIWC) for the 58 entries over the last year of life of a young woman who died by suicide revealed 3 significant changes and 5 trends over time. In particular, the woman showed more anger as her death grew closer, and she focused less on the future. These results differ from those obtained from other studies of diaries, suggesting the importance of a psychological typology for suicides. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-11 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1132 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1132.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"David Lester*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"S","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1133 2020-09-15 JBRES:VOL1

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and its Bioactive Components with Protective and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer [{"author_name":"Meeneri Vilas Bobde, Saroj Yadav and Sibi G*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"B","country":"","number":""}] Ginger can be an important complementary medicine for prevention and treatment of different types of cancers, owing to its natural origin, safety, and low cost relative to synthetic cancer drugs. Ginger contains volatile oils, anthocyanins, tannins, phenolic compounds and sesquiterpenes anticancer effects of ginger may arise from the ability to induce changes in a number of cellular processes, including cell division, apoptosis and differentiation. In this study, anticancer activity of ginger extract against various cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo were investigated. The evidence in this review suggests that ginger and its compounds in diet may lower cancer risk and affect tumor behavior. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-15 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1133 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1133.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Meeneri Vilas Bobde, Saroj Yadav and Sibi G*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"B","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1134 2020-09-15 JBRES:VOL1

Canine Myiasis and its Causal Agents in India [{"author_name":"Amandeep Singh*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"K","country":"","number":""}] Myiasis, the invasion of tissues of live humans and vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae is common throughout the tropical regions of the world. It is a real welfare problem of worldwide distribution and a matter of great concern among medical and veterinary fields. The reports indicate that dogs are the most common canine species affected by myiasis. The present study was conducted to ascertain prevalence of myiasis among pet dogs and to identify myiasis-causing flies in India. The study resulted in the identification of three species of myiasis causing flies among pet dogs. The Old World Screw-worm fly- Chrysomya bezziana was reported to be the predominant fly species followed by Musca domestica and Sarcophaga ruficornis. The overall infestation rate was high in rainy season followed by summer, spring, autumn and least in winter. Incidence of myiasis was found to be higher among adult males than the females. The most frequently infested body regions were the face, neck and perianal region among males and face, neck and vulvar lips among females. Most infestations were found in the wounds at front body parts of the adult males, suggesting the common occurrence of myiasis in consequence of competitive fighting. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-15 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1134 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1134.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Amandeep Singh*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"K","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1135 2020-09-17 JBRES:VOL1

Violence against Health-Care Personnel: Lessons from COVID-19 Pandemic [{"author_name":"Ahmed M Abbas*, Lobna Ahmed, Mark Mohsen Kamel and Sarah K. Fahmi","author_email":"","department":"","university":"A","country":"","number":""}] Violence towards healthcare personnel in hospitals is a widespread worrying phenomenon, and it is considered a mirror to violence in society in general [1]. There are many factors may share in this phenomenon as work overload, waiting times, and nurse-patient relations, responsibilities, environmental factors and patient-related factors [2]. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-17 Short Communication text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1135 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1135.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Ahmed M Abbas*, Lobna Ahmed, Mark Mohsen Kamel and Sarah K. Fahmi","author_email":"","department":"","university":"A","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1136 2020-09-18 JBRES:VOL1

Patient Demographics Associated with ARDS Incidence, Hospital Length of Stay and Mortality [{"author_name":"Tim W Gilmore* and Clifton F Frilot","author_email":"","department":"","university":"L","country":"","number":""}] Introduction: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a common finding among pediatric and adult patient populations [1]. ARDS-related mortality remains high and is associated with prolonged hospital Length of Stay (LOS) and multiple ventilator days. Studies have sought to predict whether certain risk factors can be associated with ARDS development and mortality. It remains to be established whether a strong association exists between ARDS patient demographic characteristics, hospital LOS and overall ARDS-related mortali [4]. Methods: A retrospective analysis of Electronic Health Record (EHR) data identified 595 adult subjects that received an ARDS diagnosis: ICD-9: 518.82, ICD-10: J96.00 or J80 annotation. The analysis spanned a 30-month period, evaluating subjects by age, gender, race, BMI, LOS, and mortality. Results: The majority of subjects were admitted through the Emergency Department (408: 68.6%) and were followed by Internal Medicine (137: 23%) or Trauma service (117: 19.7%). A significant portion of subjects expired (130: 21.8%), but a majority were discharged to home care (212: 35.6%). A binomial logistic regression was performed to identify whether a prevalence or risk ratio could be identified between subject demographics and either LOS or mortality. LOS in days was associated with an increased likelihood of mortality (1.055), and age at admission was associated with a reduction in the likelihood of mortality (0.986). Conclusions: No statistically significant predictor of mortality was identified among subject demographic variables. The findings did suggest that mortality in subjects was higher with longer hospital LOS, lower overall in younger subjects, and inversely related to BMI. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-18 Clinical Study text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1136 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1136.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Tim W Gilmore* and Clifton F Frilot","author_email":"","department":"","university":"L","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1137 2020-09-18 JBRES:VOL1

Treatment of People with Evans Syndrome in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic [{"author_name":"Ahmed M Abbas*, Fatma M Helbawi and Mostafa H Abdelsalam","author_email":"","department":"","university":"A","country":"","number":""}] A new type of pneumonia had developed from Wuhan Province in China in December 2019, caused by a novel member of the Coronaviridae family named Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. The disease is characterized by fatigue, dry cough, fever, and dyspnea [2]. In a more severe case, the picture may become more complicated by the onset of interstitial pneumonia with alveolar damage, which clinically can lead to severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and even death [3]. Since the initial outbreak, the epidemic has had a rapid global spread worldwide, which led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare the disease now called COVID-19, a pandemic on 11th March 2020 [4]. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-18 Short Communication text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1137 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1137.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Ahmed M Abbas*, Fatma M Helbawi and Mostafa H Abdelsalam","author_email":"","department":"","university":"A","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1138 2020-09-23 JBRES:VOL1

Batch Adsorption Studies of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine Using Coconut and Groundnut Shells [{"author_name":"Clement Oluwaseun Ademoriyo and Christian Ebere Enyoh*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] This report was based on the comparative study on effectiveness of adsorption of food colors using coconuts and groundnut shell. The activated carbon (coconuts and groundnut shells) were cut into pieces in a furnace at a temperature of 450Â°C then crushed and sieved using different mesh sizes and activated using hydrochloric acid of different concentration. The food colors (sunset yellow and tartrazine) was prepared with different concentration and calibration curve was drawn, and the required measured concentration was contacted with varied masses of the adsorbent (coconuts and groundnut shell) for an equilibrium adsorption at room temperature on effect of time, pH, shaking speed, and temperature. The results on contact time on the pseudo-first and second using the test mechanism shows pseudo-first order model is more preferable than pseudo second order and the different effect result on the isotherm shows that Freundlich is best fitted for the adsorption process. Overall, groundnut shell showed higher adsorption for both sunset yellow and Tartrazine compared to coconut shell. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-23 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1138 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1138.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Clement Oluwaseun Ademoriyo and Christian Ebere Enyoh*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1139 2020-09-26 JBRES:VOL1

Free Kick but that was not the Goal [{"author_name":"Shabih Manzar*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"L","country":"","number":""}] Misadventure of the chest tube has been described in the literature resulting in complications [1-5]. Here we present a case of right pneumothorax in a preterm infant (Figure 1A). The pneumothorax was appropriately treated with a right pigtail inserted using the Seldinger technique (Figure 1B). Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-26 Mini Review text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1139 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1139.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Shabih Manzar*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"L","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1140 2020-09-28 JBRES:VOL1

Biophysical Aspects of Interactions at the Bionanointerface between Viruses and Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials [{"author_name":"Lahir YK*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] Viruses are at the threshold of living and nonliving entities. Virus particles exhibit life-activities when are within their respective hosts and act as non-living when present outside their hosts. This feature is very interesting and the related investigations can help to understand the differences between the functionalities at bionanointerfaces under living and nonliving phases. Metal and metal oxide nanomaterials occur naturally and are synthesized as per the need to meet the set targets. These nanosized materials have specific physicochemical properties such as high volume to area ratio, ability to get functionalized as per the need. These ubiquitous materials have multifaceted applications in almost all fields of sciences, industries, medical, clinical diagnostics, and remedial operations; these occupy an omnipresent status in our day to day life. Since these nanomaterials are a major integral part of industries and human life; these interact with the abiotic and biotic components of the environment. Viruses are the active entities of both these aspects of our environment. The interactions between metal and metal oxide nanomaterials and viruses are obvious and complex interactive phenomena. These complex interactions take place between nanomaterials and viruses within their respective hosts. The profiling of such interactions helps to optimize the resultant impacts and enhances the degree of de novo designing, in vivo, and in vitro performances. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-28 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1140 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1140.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Lahir YK*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1141 2020-09-30 JBRES:VOL1

The Negative RT-PCR Test is Enough to Rule Out CovÄ±d-19 in Cancer Patients or Not? CovÄ±d-19 or Not? [{"author_name":"Selin Akturk Esen*, Oznur Bal, Efnan Algin, Yusuf Acu0131kgoz, Merve Dirikoc, Gokhan Ucar1, Lale Damgaci, Yakup Ergun, Irfan Esen3, Hurrem Bodur and Dogan Uncu","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus pneumonia turned into an epidemic in China and then spread to other countries around the world. This disease was identified as the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected by Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). A positive test for SARS-CoV-2 may confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19, but the results of false negativity and false positivity can be confusing. This article describes the negative COVID-19 RNA RT-PCR test results of four cancer patients with symptoms/clinical findings suggestive of COVID-19 and also computed tomography findings consistent with viral pneumonia. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-30 Case Series text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1141 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1141.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Selin Akturk Esen*, Oznur Bal, Efnan Algin, Yusuf Acu0131kgoz, Merve Dirikoc, Gokhan Ucar1, Lale Damgaci, Yakup Ergun, Irfan Esen3, Hurrem Bodur and Dogan Uncu","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1142 2020-09-30 JBRES:VOL1

White Peritoneum [{"author_name":"Shabih Manzar*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"L","country":"","number":""}] Misadventure of the Gastrostomy Tube (GT) has been described in the literature resulting in complications [1]. Here we present a case of dislodged GT diagnosed by contrast administration. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-30 Mini Review text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1142 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1142.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Shabih Manzar*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"L","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1143 2020-09-30 JBRES:VOL1

In vitro Cytotoxicity Studies of Industrially Used Common Nanomaterials on L929 and 3T3 Fibroblast Cells [{"author_name":"Madhulika Srikanth, Waseem S. Khan, Ramazan Asmatulu, Heath E. Misak, Shang-You Yang and Eylem Asmatulu*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"W","country":"","number":""}] The unique structures and properties of nanomaterials have attracted many engineers and scientists to these resources for different applications, including biomedical, electronics, manufacturing, transportation, energy, and defense. The increasing applications of nanomaterials have also caused some concern among the scientific community about their safety and cytotoxicity. To successfully use nanomaterials in different fields, their interaction with mammalian cells in vitro must be addressed before in vivo experiments can be carried out successfully. In this study, the cytotoxicity values of commonly known nanomaterials, such as 100-ply Carbon Nanotube (CNT) wires, graphene, CNTs, nanoclay, and fullerene, were investigated through in vitro tests on human L929 and mice 3T3 fibroblast cells and compared with each other. The effects of cytotoxicity on both cell types were similar in many ways, but not closely identical due to structural and morphological differences. Compared to mice fibroblast cells, human fibroblast cells have a larger surface area; therefore, the viability values of L929 cells at different dilutions and time durations vary over a larger range. Pristine 100-ply CNT wires were found to be the least cytotoxic, with an average viability of 86.9%, whereas materials with high aspect ratio (e.g., CNTs and graphene) had higher cytotoxicity values due to their potential to pierce through cell membranes. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-09-30 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1143 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1143.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Madhulika Srikanth, Waseem S. Khan, Ramazan Asmatulu, Heath E. Misak, Shang-You Yang and Eylem Asmatulu*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"W","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1144 2020-10-09 JBRES:VOL1

Gossypetin Derivatives are also Putative Inhibitors of SARS-COV 2: Results of a Computational Study [{"author_name":"Anna-Gaelle Giguet Valard*, Kevin Raguette, Stephanie Morin, Remi Bellance and Juliette Smith Ravin","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] SARS-CoV-2 is the third most highly virulent human coronavirus of the 21st century. It is linked with fatal respiratory illness. Currently, there are still no effective treatments of Covid-19. Among many drugs evaluated, few have proven conclusive clinical efficacy. Furthermore, the spread of the disease mandates that ideal medications against Covid-19 be cheap and available worldwide. Therefore, there is a rationale to evaluate whether treatments of natural origin from aromatic and medicinal plants have the ability to prevent and/or treat COVID-19. We evaluated in this study the inhibition of COVID-19 protease by natural plants compounds such asGossypetin-3â€™-O-glucoside (G3â€™G). G3â€™Ghas been isolated from the petals of TaliparitielatumSw. Found almost exclusively in Martinique. It has no crystallography or modelisation studies. Antifungal and antioxidant properties are already published. We study its binding affinity so potential inhibition capability against SARS-CoV2 3CLpro mean protease as compared to other previously tested natural or pharmacological molecules by molecular docking. We propose Gossypetin derivates as good tropical natural compounds candidate that should be further investigated to prevent or treat COVID19. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-09 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1144 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1144.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Anna-Gaelle Giguet Valard*, Kevin Raguette, Stephanie Morin, Remi Bellance and Juliette Smith Ravin","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1145 2020-10-12 JBRES:VOL1

Female Moscow Police Officersâ€™ Emotional Reactions Features during Service in the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency Conditions [{"author_name":"Andrey Soloviev*, Sergey Zhernov and Elena Ichitovkina","author_email":"","department":"","university":"N","country":"","number":""}] The COVID-19 pandemic was an extreme situation that had a traumatic impact on psychosocial groups that performed their official duties in contact with the infected and sick, including in the gender aspect. Police officers were widely involved in anti-epidemic measures to protect order and citizens safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to identify the emotional reactions features in female police officers - the Moscow police employees, carrying serving as public order guards in the COVID-19 pandemic emergency conditions.It is shown that female police officers, in contrast to male police officers, in emergency conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, showed greater neuro-psychic adaptability to stressful situations, despite increased situational and personal anxiety. When serving in crowded places, they showed anxiety not about their own health, but because of fears about the relatives possibility infecting. It is shown that it is expedient to develop differentiated psychosocial support personality-oriented programs for police officers, taking into account gender characteristics during medical and biological emergencies. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-12 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1145 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1145.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Andrey Soloviev*, Sergey Zhernov and Elena Ichitovkina","author_email":"","department":"","university":"N","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1146 2020-10-14 JBRES:VOL1

Remdesivir Research Progress: An Overview of the Emerging Evidence [{"author_name":"Aamir Jalal Al Mosawi*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"P","country":"","number":""}] There has been an increasing interest in remdesivir research within the scientific medical community because of the emerging evidence suggesting its beneficial role in patients with COVIDâ€‘19. Remdesivir which can be given intravenously and not orally has an anti-viral against several RNA viruses. Remdesivir has an in vitro antiviral activity against filoviruses, arenaviruses, and coronaviruses including circulating human coronaviruses HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, SARS, and MERS zoonotic coronaviruses. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-14 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1146 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1146.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Aamir Jalal Al Mosawi*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"P","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1147 2020-10-19 JBRES:VOL1

Challenges and Opportunities to Develop Diagnostics and Therapeutic Interventions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Corona Virus 2 (SARS-COV-2) [{"author_name":"Jaison Jeevanandam, Subhamoy Banerjee and Rajkumar Paul*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is playing havoc all over the world since December 2019. Despite being a family member of coronaviridae, which has previously affected mankind twice in last one decade, the novel corona virus, as it is named left medical practitioners and scientists defenseless. The major challenge is twofold identification and therapeutic intervention. Several approaches, including real-time PCR have already been taken for quick identification of Covid19. Due to very fast evolving rate, accurate identification is still a challenge for most of the detection methods developed in last three months. Several proposals for therapeutic intervention have also put forth by scientists, ranging from vaccine to RNA therapy. In this article, a comprehensive review is made from the scattered scientific literatures and is fine-tuned further with possible diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-19 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1147 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1147.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Jaison Jeevanandam, Subhamoy Banerjee and Rajkumar Paul*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1148 2020-10-26 JBRES:VOL1

In silico Screening of Approved Drugs to Describe Novel E. coli DNA Gyrase A Antagonists [{"author_name":"Rakhi Chandran, Archana Ayyagari, Prerna Diwan, Sanjay Gupta and Vandana Gupta*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] The alarming multiple drug resistance developed by Escherichia coli towards the routine conventional antibiotics owing to their non-judicious usage is fast becoming a tough menace. This necessitates the urgent unleashing of novel and diverse strategies and antibacterial compounds. Since finding a new antibiotic from the scratch, followed by endless clinical trials is exceedingly time-consuming, a powerful alternate strategy of CADD coupled with repurposing the available drugs could save precious time and money. DNA gyrases (topoisomerase II) of E.coli are among the promising new drug targets. The interface between the N-terminal domain of gyrA and C- terminal domain of gyrB which is targeted by most of the available inhibitory drugs, is of particular interest. Crucial active site residues within the N-terminal domain of gyrA were delineated through a literature search. FDA approved drugs were docked using FlexX on the receptors created around the co-crystallized reference ligand. Based on the docking scores and interactions with crucial residues, 12 leads were shortlisted, namely ceforanide, tetrahydrofolic acid, azlocillin, cefazolin, adenosine triphosphate, cefixime, dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, moxalactam, leucal, cromoglicic acid, cefotetan, and cedax. Surprisingly quinolones, which are approved inhibitors of gyrases were not picked up in the top leads, rather, the most dominant class of molecules that docked successfully was cephalosporin. Our results indicated that these cephalosporins, as well as the other shortlisted leads, could be further optimized and validated through in-vitro experiments for their potential as gyraseA antagonists. Hence the present study holds immense promise in combating MDR of human bacterial pathogens. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-26 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1148 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1148.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Rakhi Chandran, Archana Ayyagari, Prerna Diwan, Sanjay Gupta and Vandana Gupta*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1149 2020-10-30 JBRES:VOL1

Assessment of Green House Gases (GHGS) Emission from Some Aquaculture Ponds of Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal, India [{"author_name":"Subhendu Adhikari*, Subhas Sarkar, Mandal RN, Ramesh Rathod and Bindu R Pillai","author_email":"","department":"","university":"C","country":"","number":""}] The Green House Gas Emission (GHGs) from the carp culture ponds (n = 12) of West Godavari, Krishna, and Guntur districts of Andhra Pradesh and from the ponds (n = 4) of Moyna, East Medinipur district of West Bengal, India was assessed through carbon storage and carbon footprint analysis. The average inputs as Carbon Equivalent (CE) were 14407 Â± 2651, and 9231 Â± 1007 kg/ha in Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal, respectively. The average carbon storage were 6216 Â± 2291, and 5360 Â± 1439 kg/ha, in Andhra Pradesh, and Moyna, West Bengal respectively. The emissions of CO2-e and CH4-e were 1.91 Â± 0.42 kg CO2-e/kg fish and 0.122 Â± 0.027 kg CH4-e/kg fish, respectively in Andhra Pradesh. The emissions of CO2-e and CH4-e were 0.006 to 2.07 (average 0.72) kg CO2-e /kg fish, and 0.0004 to 0.132 (average 0.046) kg CH4-e /kg fish production, respectively in Moyna, West Bengal. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-30 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1149 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1149.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Subhendu Adhikari*, Subhas Sarkar, Mandal RN, Ramesh Rathod and Bindu R Pillai","author_email":"","department":"","university":"C","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1150 2020-10-30 JBRES:VOL1

World Class Pioneering Clinical Innovations: Nobel Prize Committeeâ€™s Failures [{"author_name":"Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi","author_email":"","department":"","university":"P","country":"","number":""}] It is understandable even to the medical students, the undeniable role of Nobel Prize winners particularly in the clinical and therapeutic fields which included the discoveries that led to developing vaccines and therapies to combat potentially fatal infectious disease, and contributed to saving millions of lives throughout the world. However, there have been recent criticisms suggesting that the prize has been given unreasonably more to basic scientific research discoveries, while ignoring world class pioneering clinical achievements. Many of the basic science research may never have any impact of any magnitude outside North America, Europe and Japan, and thus will unlikely to really contribute to a noticeable benefit to humankind. In fact, many basic science research and discoveries, for the majority of mankind living outside North America, Europe and Japan, are like discovering new galaxies at the end of the universe. Therefore, ignoring research from developing countries that have the potential of conferring the greatest benefit to humankind is definitely associated with a serious ethical dilemma when giving the Prize. The aim of this paper is to highlight recent world class pioneering clinical innovations missed by the Nobel Prize committee. Examples of world class pioneering research that have the potential of conferring the greatest benefit to humankind including curing autism research, multi-factorial therapies for mental retardation, and brain damage including cerebral palsy and brain atrophy, and intestinal dialysis. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-30 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1150 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1150.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi","author_email":"","department":"","university":"P","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1151 2020-10-30 JBRES:VOL1

Perception towards Online Classes during COVID-19 among Nursing Students of a Medical College of Kaski District, Nepal [{"author_name":"Dipti Koirala*, Muna Silwal, Sunita Gurung, Muna Bhattarai and Vikash Kumar KC","author_email":"","department":"","university":"G","country":"","number":""}] Introduction: Online learning is a virtual learning system that integrates internet connection with teaching and learning process. This system has become a solution for the continuity of teaching and learning process in Nepal during Covid-19 pandemic. Thus the main objective of this study was to assess the perception of nursing students towards online classes during Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 133 nursing students studying at Gandaki Medical College of Nepal. Data were collected through online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire from 15 to 21, September, 2020 and were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16 employing descriptive and inferential statistical method. Results: The result showed that mobile was the most commonly (51.9%) used gadget for attending online class. One third of the students (35.3%) had no access to static internet and 4.5% of them did not have internet at their home. Majority of the students (91.7%) felt that online classes should be continued during this pandemic. Nearly two third of the respondents (63.2%) were satisfied from the online classes. Overall, 54.1% had negative perception towards online classes. There is statistically significant association of perception with residence (p = 0.033), type of nursing programme (p = 0.027), family income (p = 0.022), education level of father (p = 0.029) and mother (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Online learning method is a solution taken by higher education in Nepal during the Covid-19 outbreak. Based on the survey result, almost half of the respondents had negative perception towards online learning. However, majority felt that online classes should be continued during this pandemic. Therefore, it is recommended to foster face to face interaction between students and teachers and to promote learning environment at home for online learning. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-30 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1151 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1151.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Dipti Koirala*, Muna Silwal, Sunita Gurung, Muna Bhattarai and Vikash Kumar KC","author_email":"","department":"","university":"G","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1152 2020-10-31 JBRES:VOL1

Association between Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 Genetic Polymorphisms and the Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen: A Large Population Case Control Study in China [{"author_name":"Xun Qi, Qirong Jiang, Ying Lv, Sisi Yang, Jing Li, Yuxian Huang, Liang Chen* and Jiming Zhang*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"F","country":"","number":""}] Aim: Several host factors mediating immune response influence susceptibility to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, ability to clear the virus, and maintenance of a chronic state. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 (STAT4) variations are correlated with the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. However, there have been few studies to assess the relationship between STAT4 variations and Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) clearance in adults infected with HBV. Our aim was to evaluate the association between genetic variants in STAT4 and HBsAg clearance in a large sample size population. Methods: This case control study included Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) (n = 1.688), HBsAg Clearance after Treatment (TC) (n = 170), HBV Uninfected (HC) (n=1.012), and HBsAg Spontaneous Clearance (SC) (n = 1,052) patients. In the CHB group, patients were categorized into four subgroups: the Immune Tolerant (IT), Immune Active (IA), Inactive (IC), and Immune Reactivation (IR) phases, with 97, 855, 198, and 538 patients in each subgroup, respectively. Results: We found that the G allele in STAT4 rs7574865 was more frequent in the CHB and TC groups, compared with the SC group, whereas the STAT4 rs7574865 GG genotype was more frequent in the CHB and TC group, compared with the SC group in the dominant model. However, there was no statistical significance in genotype between TC and CHB, nor between the IT, IA, IC, and IR groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of the minor allele rs7574865 T was higher in subjects with spontaneously cleared HBV infections than in CHB patients. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-31 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1152 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1152.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Xun Qi, Qirong Jiang, Ying Lv, Sisi Yang, Jing Li, Yuxian Huang, Liang Chen* and Jiming Zhang*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"F","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1153 2020-10-31 JBRES:VOL1

Repurposing Potential of Diminazene Aceturate as an Inhibitor of the E. coli DNA Gyrase B [{"author_name":"Varsha Dwivedi, Archana Ayyagari, Rakhi Chandran, Prerna Diwan, Sanjay Gupta and Vandana Gupta*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] Drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) has overburdened the healthcare facilities in recent years and is getting hard to combat, mandating search for novel therapeutics with a broad antibacterial spectrum and high chemotherapeutic index. The 24 kDa domain of DNA gyrase B that is involved in the ATPase activity has been reported to be a promising target for inhibitors. A PDB structure (1KZN) of the 24kD domain of gyrase B with the co-crystallized ligand clorobiocin was used for the docking studies to explore a library of 2924 FDA approved drugs from <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.zinc.docking.org">www.zinc.docking.org</a>. FlexX docking module from Biosolve IT was used for receptor preparation and in silico docking experiments. Docking studies on the pocket created around the reference ligand clorobiocin revealed the best score with diminazene aceturate and it also demonstrated interactions with the crucial amino acids present within the pocket. Diminazene aceturate has been conventionally been used as an antiparasitic molecule in animals and it has also been demonstrated to exhibit repurposing potential in the treatment of disorders triggered due to overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, pulmonary hypertension, ischemia-induced cardiac pathophysiology, etc. among others. Findings from this study indicate the possibility of repurposing the age-old molecule diminazene aceturate into a DNA gyrase B antagonist to combat not just the drug-resistant E. coli but also other gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens. It may also aid in alleviating the inflammatory response induced in the body of the patients suffering from septicemia caused by a variety of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-10-31 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1153 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1153.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Varsha Dwivedi, Archana Ayyagari, Rakhi Chandran, Prerna Diwan, Sanjay Gupta and Vandana Gupta*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1154 2020-11-02 JBRES:VOL1

The Hidden Challenge: Preventive Practices of Sexually Transmitted Illness Among College Students in Western Ethiopia: The Case of Nekemte Town: A Mixed Methods Study [{"author_name":"Bikila Regassa Feyisa*, Melese Chego Cheme and Bayise Biru","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Objective: The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of college students towards Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia. Result: Institutional based descriptive cross sectional study design triangulated with in-depth interview method was employed on 403 randomly selected quantitative and 12 purposively selected in-depth interview samples. Quantitative data was obtained by self-administered questionnaire. About forty percent (39.7%) of the respondents had sexual practice in their life. Females were 1.42 times more likely to be encountered in sexual intercourse in the past one year of the study period (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.53). Sex, age, living arrangement and income level, was identified as factors initiating to sexual intercourse in college students. Qualitative evidences show that, living condition, poor access of sexual reproductive services and ever increasing urbanization, poor attention towards STI are challenging preventive practices of STI among college students. Generally, college students have good awareness and positive attitude towards STIs. However, there was a wide gap between knowledge and practice of the students regarding STIs. Greater attention should be paid to the college students improving the living conditions and access of services. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-02 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1154 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1154.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Bikila Regassa Feyisa*, Melese Chego Cheme and Bayise Biru","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1155 2020-11-03 JBRES:VOL1

COVID-19 Influencing Factors on Transmission and Incidence Rates-Validation Analysis [{"author_name":"Hesham Magd1*, Khalfan Asmi and Henry Karyamsetty","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Coronavirus disease has caused devasting effect so far which has put every nation in difficult situations in multiple ways. The pandemic has affected every business globally right from small, medium to large establishments collapsing the world economy. The major impact COVID has caused is restricting movement and travel that has heavily affected the international business and tourism showing predicted revenue loss of -810.7 bn USD in 2020 [1]. While the global COVID cases are increasing at an exceptional rate, normal life has got disrupted with many businesses have totally shut down in many cities and most countries are likely to experience economic recession [2,3]. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-03 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1155 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1155.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Hesham Magd1*, Khalfan Asmi and Henry Karyamsetty","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1156 2020-11-04 JBRES:VOL1

Diagnosing Fetal Skeletal Dysplasia Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography: A Study Protocol for an Interventional Study [{"author_name":"Miyoko Waratani*, Fumitake Ito, Yukiko Tanaka, Mabuchi Aki, Taisuke Mori and Jo Kitawaki","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Background: Fetal skeletal dysplasias are a group of skeletal dysplasias occurring during the fetal stage. As the use of fetal ultrasonography has become widespread, the rate of prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias has increased. However, many fetal skeletal dysplasia phenotypes have indistinct definitions, making definitive prenatal diagnosis difficult. Fetal imaging methods that are the basis of diagnosing fetal skeletal dysplasias include ultrasonography and three-dimensional computed tomography. The use of three-dimensional computed tomography requires specific imaging techniques and cannot easily be performed at all facilities. In the present study, we propose to conduct a survey for the preparation of a protocol with a low risk, and a high diagnostic accuracy. Methods: In total, 50 pregnant women who undergo three-dimensional computed tomography for the diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasias will be included. The primary outcome is prenatal diagnostic accuracy for fetuses with skeletal dysplasias. The secondary outcome is the safety from radiation exposure. Results and conclusion: Three-dimensional computed tomography should be considered for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasias, as it is important to judge whether the prognosis is favorable or lethal. When considering the risk of radiation exposure, high quality images that are adequate for a diagnosis have been obtained using low-dose three-dimensional computed tomography scans. This approach reduces the level of radiation to which the pregnant woman and fetus are exposed.  â€ƒ Trial registration: University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center: Trial registration number is UMIN000034744. Data of registration is October 01, 2018. (URL: <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000039610">https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000039610</a>) Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-04 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1156 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1156.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Miyoko Waratani*, Fumitake Ito, Yukiko Tanaka, Mabuchi Aki, Taisuke Mori and Jo Kitawaki","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1157 2020-11-11 JBRES:VOL1

Integrated Yoga and Naturopathy Management (IYNM) of Obesity: A Case Report [{"author_name":"Venkateswaran ST and Maheshkumar K*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] A 45-year-old male patient with the nature of sedentary lifestyle, diagnosed with obesity (BMI-33.2 kg/m2) since 2013, was visited for Integrated Yoga and Naturopathy Management (IYNM) for the weight reduction in our hospital on November 2019. He had mild pain over the both knees with sleeping disturbances. We advised him a tailor made individualized protocol for the weight management for the period of 6 months. The results showed reduction in weight (107.9kg to 90.6kg), Body Mass Index (BMI) (33.2kg/m2 to 29.32kg/m2), total cholesterol (209mg% to 185mg%), triglycerides (172mg% to 113mg%), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (102mg% to 94mg%), and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (44mg% to 48mg%). His knee pain minimized on discharge as observed on a Visual Analog Scale (7 to 3 points). He had an improved feeling of wellness and overall functional health. This case report suggests that lifestyle change in the form of IYNM is useful in the management of Obesity. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-11 Case Report text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1157 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1157.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Venkateswaran ST and Maheshkumar K*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1158 2020-11-11 JBRES:VOL1

Impact of Short Term Mobile Phone Abstinence on Undergraduate Medical Students: A Qualitative Study [{"author_name":"Venugopal V, Poonguzhali S, Sadhana S, Venkateswaran ST and Maheshkumar K*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Background: The purpose of the current study is to investigate the perceptions of completely abstaining oneself from using a smartphone for one whole day among medical students. This study is a unique initiative and it was experimented on a particular group of adolescent college students to completely abstain from using mobile phones for one whole day, and that specific day was coined as â€˜No Mobile Dayâ€™. Methods: A total of 119 residential medical students participated in the study and they were instructed to abstain from any type of mobile phone or gadget usage for a period of 24 hours and they surrendered their mobile phones. A semi-structured questionnaire with open and close-ended questions was provided to the students at the end of the 24 hour period and the aims of the questionnaire are explained clearly to the respondents. Results: In total, 12 invalid responses were deleted, leaving 107 valid responses for analysis. The qualitative data analysis is performed using a constant comparison method. Results obtained from the current findings indicate the presence of mobile phone addiction in this particular group to some extent. However, majority of the students enjoyed this unique experience of not using mobile phones and embraced the concept of â€œNo Mobile Dayâ€™. Conclusion: Given the alarming increase in depression among adolescents and the number of psychosocial treatments being administered to young people, conducting such events would be a great boost to slowly overcome social anxiety and social deprivation. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-11 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1158 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1158.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Venugopal V, Poonguzhali S, Sadhana S, Venkateswaran ST and Maheshkumar K*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1159 2020-11-12 JBRES:VOL1

Sex and Age Differences in Telomere Length and Susceptibility to COVID-19 [{"author_name":"Manar Ahmed Kamal*, Kareem Reda Alamiry and Mahmoud Zaki","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Background: Telomeres are the ends of a chromosome and play a fundamental role as vanguards contra the chromosomal decay. Due to the inability of DNA polymerase to replicate chromosomal ends, a reduction in telomeres length happens after each cell division. The existence of shorter telomeres in older people is related to diminish immune functions. Viral infections able to stimulate remodeling of cells, stress responses, and telomere shortening. Moreover, telomere shortening can be caused by extrinsic environmental variables which induce oxidative stress under conditions of inflammation. Aim: To identify the correlation between telomere shortening and susceptibility to Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition to clarifying changes in telomere length according to the viral infection, the effect of sex and age differences in telomere length in confirmed positive COVID-19 cases are also reviewed. Conclusion: There is a correlation between telomere length and COVID-19 infection with higher susceptibly of elderly patients and males due to shortening in their telomere length. Approximately 53% of (111,428) infected cases (â‰¥ 50) years old are males, and 47% of (111,428) infected cases (â‰¥ 50) years old are females. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-12 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1159 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1159.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Manar Ahmed Kamal*, Kareem Reda Alamiry and Mahmoud Zaki","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1160 2020-11-18 JBRES:VOL1

Use of Polio Vaccine Salk vs SARS- CoV-2E and HIV-1E 2, both as Therapeutic Drug and Effective Vaccine to Make Memory-Cells Able to Stop Reinfections [{"author_name":"Raffaele Ansovini* and Leonardo Compagnucci","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Dr. Ansovini began studying viruses by focusing his attention on HIV-1. The main discovery he made is that this virus, so difficult to treat, can be classified as â€œelectricalâ€: one of its functional proteins, i.e. â€œp. 24â€, actually has an electrical value, in other words it has a charge, and therefore it is not allosterically neutral as proteins usually are. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-18 Letter to Editor text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1160 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1160.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Raffaele Ansovini* and Leonardo Compagnucci","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1161 2020-11-18 JBRES:VOL1

Addressing the Life-Course Approach in Vaccination Policy across Europe: The Case History of Spain [{"author_name":"Mariano Votta*, Daniela Quaggia, Giulia Decarolis, Elena Moya, Josu00e8 Luis Baquero Ubeda and Maira Cardillo","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] In April 2019, the Italian NGO Cittadinanzattiva, through its international branch Active Citizenship Network (ACN) launched, during the European immunization week, a new project called â€œEuropean Active Citizens for Vaccinationâ€. The aim was to improve the awareness on the importance of vaccination across Europe: The scientific evidence is clear; vaccination is an essential public health tool and helps to guarantee our fundamental rights as European citizens. ACN realized a social media communication campaign supporting and spreading awareness on the topic of life-long vaccination, videos were made in all the national languages of the involved countries (Italy, Hungary, Poland, Ireland and Spain) and then produced, shared and customized for each country. Moreover, an informative leaflet in a different language was produced. Civic consultations on the National Immunization Plan were held in Poland, Hungary and Spain. This article describes the main results of the focus group held in Spain on the topic of vaccination and on its related policies. The full report has been published in the Report entitled â€œEuropean Active Citizens for Vaccination: focus on Spain (2019 - 2020)â€ edited by Cittadinanzattiva APS. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-18 Case Report text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1161 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1161.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Mariano Votta*, Daniela Quaggia, Giulia Decarolis, Elena Moya, Josu00e8 Luis Baquero Ubeda and Maira Cardillo","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1162 2020-11-19 JBRES:VOL1

The Assembly of Bacteriophage Functional Enzymatic Models in Association with E. coli Proteinsâ€™ Profiles [{"author_name":"Ayman A Elshayeb*, Amna Elfatih, Karimeldin MA Salih and Nada SE Mustafa","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Introduction: The invasion of bacteriophage on the associated host bacterium depends on their receptorsâ€™ orientation that adsorb them to cell surface. During phage replication a valuable number of proteins acts as lytic enzymes for host puncher at the beginning of the infection and other for burst after lytic cycle compilation. Accordingly, the proteomic relationship among phage and bacterium proteins could easily be studied by their protein profiles analysis. Objective: To detect bacteriophages functional enzymes during lytic cycle. Methods: The isolation and identification of Escherichia coli and their parasitic T7 phage group was done using bacterial culture and common plaque assay techniques. The investigations and protein-protein interactionsâ€™ assays were inveterate by proteins profile of phage and bacterium using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to find out their molecular weights, where the scaled location of each mobile band was compared to the standards of identified proteins weights in the molecular ladder. Thereafter, Protein modelâ€™s assembly and bands migration was done by computer analytical software. Results: Mobilization of the phageâ€™ proteins inside the Two Dimensions (2D) gel ranged between 60 and 12 kDa where a model of 4 main bands with molecular weights of (46, 35, 24 and 14 kDa) is corresponded to the host ones, where pure 9 bands with molecular weight ranged between 96-24 kDa. The computational model analysis showed common shared molecular masses of 47, 34 and 16 kDa on plot area of the phage and the bacterium. Model interpretation confirmed that proteins ranged from 47.7 to 34.3 kDa resembles 43.3% of whole phageâ€™s proteins that assembled the capsid head and the coil, while the molecular weight mass of 22.5 formed the tailâ€™s proteins. The lytic enzymesâ€™ molecular weight was ranged between 18-14 kDa according to the function of the enzyme. The study revealed that the 34 kDa band has the common shared peak between T7 phage group and associated Escherichia coli host. Conclusion: Functional models of analysed proteins during phage assembly, ensures lytic enzymes are built in the capsid head and the lysozyme in the tail, they facilitate the enzymatic decay for bacterial host. This enzymatic function is related to the lytic cycle of the bacteriophages and their phenomenon in employing the bacterial DNA in proteins manufacturing during their replication inside host. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-19 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1162 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1162.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Ayman A Elshayeb*, Amna Elfatih, Karimeldin MA Salih and Nada SE Mustafa","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1163 2020-11-21 JBRES:VOL1

The Human Ventilator as Equipment for Pressure Energy Transfer: The Risk of not taking in Account Engineering Aspects in Such a Complex Problem [{"author_name":"Marco Cesar Prado Soares*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] In this essay, I invite the readers to reflect on a very serious problem that I have noticed during the last months: there is a current tendency of reducing complex and multidisciplinary problems to a single sphere of knowledge. This is particularly complicated when we are facing problems that affect all of the global society. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-21 Short Communication text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1163 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1163.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Marco Cesar Prado Soares*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1164 2020-11-23 JBRES:VOL1

The Kinetics of Glucose Transport in Human Red Blood Cells Depend on Their Metabolic State [{"author_name":"Gunter Fred Fuhrmann*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}] This article about freshly drawn human red blood cells offers new insights in regulation of glucose transport. Transport of glucose in Glut1 red blood cells is highly asymmetric and depend on metabolic energy, most probably ATP. The changes in â€œKmâ€ for efflux and Vm obtained by ATP depletion of the cells are completely restored by incubation with adenosine, a substrate for ATP generation. The glucose efflux in red cells is much higher than influx. The high amounts of the red cells in the blood (About 45%) provide by their efficient efflux system of more than 1000 mmol glucose/L cells/ min. support of glucose toward the peripherical cells as well as supply with oxygen. Wilbrandtâ€™s general rate equation including osmometer behavior of the red blood cells and the solvation of the transport resistance with the individual parameters, including the turnover of the unloaded carrier is detailed mathematically explained. It is to memorize Walther Wilbrandt and a history of his contribution to the glucose transport in human red cells. The integrated rate equation describes perfectly the data obtained by right-angular light-scattering. Wilbrandtâ€™s transport scheme can be used to calculate the turnover of the unloaded carrier. At 20Â°C a turnover of about 1000 molecules per sec. has been calculated, which might be interpreted as the oscillations of the empty carrier. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-23 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1164 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1164.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Gunter Fred Fuhrmann*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"U","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1165 2020-11-24 JBRES:VOL1

Epithelial Cells Orchestrate the Functions of Dendritic Cells in Intestinal Homeostasis [{"author_name":"Tianming Li, Mei Liu, Siyu Sun, Xuying Liu and Dongyan Liu*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"C","country":"","number":""}] The gastrointestinal tract represents the largest mucosal membrane surface and is the one of the most complex human organs. The intestinal barrier dysfunction contributes to systemic immune activation. The mucosal immune system has extremely arduous tasks to resist invaders and promote tolerance of food antigens and the microbiota. The intestinal mucosal immune system fulfills these tasks through complex interactions between immune cells and the local microenvironment in intestine. Intestinal Epithelial Cells (IECs) play important roles in these complex interactions. IECs not only constitute the first barrier of the intestine but also are crucial for integrating external and internal signals and for coordinating the ensuing immune response. Dendritic Cells (DCs) play key roles in shaping the intestinal immune response by their ability to coordinate protective immunity and immune tolerance in the host. DCs are pivotal actors in the connection between innate and adaptive immune responses. The IECs coordinate with the DCs in immune recognition, tolerance and host defense mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize how IECs orchestrate intestinal DCs in intestinal homeostasis and diseases. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-24 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1165 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1165.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Tianming Li, Mei Liu, Siyu Sun, Xuying Liu and Dongyan Liu*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"C","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1166 2020-11-28 JBRES:VOL1

EEG Brain Wave Dynamics: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis on Effect of Yoga on Mind Relaxation [{"author_name":"Savita Gaur*, Usha Panjwani and Bhuvnesh Kumar","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Background: Yoga is an ancient Indian science and way of life that is prophylactic, promotive and curative leading to good health: physical, mental, emotional and spiritual. Yogic practices like asana, Pranayama, Dhyana and Meditation are extremely beneficial in maintaining sound health and well-being. In this study we reviewed, synthesized, and analyzed published reports on EEG and other changes in neuro-psychological functions associated with Yoga practice. Methods: Published data till Jun 2020 on topics of Yoga, EEG analysis were included based on PRISM statement guidelines. The data characteristics defined by their objectives, study design, methodology, Yoga interventions, EEG power spectrum and outcomes of the study are presented in this review. The EEG data with mean Â± SD was used for statistical analysis. Results: The reviewed studies are heterogeneous and have used different yoga practices (Asana, Pranayama, Dhyana, and Meditation), brain region and brain wave for effect evaluation. Overall, there was increase in the Î±-EEG and Î´-EEG power (Î¼V2), but decrease in Î¸-EEG in many studies. The improvement in Î±-EEG power was significant at (p = 0.026). Conclusion: EEG Brain wave analysis is one of the best ways to predict the neuro-cognitive benefits of Yoga practice. After yogic practices there was an increase in delta, alpha and gamma amplitude and duration indicating relaxation following yoga practice. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-28 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1166 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1166.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Savita Gaur*, Usha Panjwani and Bhuvnesh Kumar","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1167 2020-11-30 JBRES:VOL1

Association of Serum Ferritin and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Insulin Resistance in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients [{"author_name":"Pratiksha Paudel, Shitian Zhang, Bei Guo, Alisha Pannu, Gajarishiyan Rasalingam, Ranjita Sah, Bharvi Desai, Aili Yin, Chunmei Gu, Yuhua Yuan, Liming Chen and Wenyan Niu*","author_email":"","department":"","university":" ","country":"","number":""}] Objective: Obesity-induced Insulin Resistance (IR) is one of the main causes of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and accompanies the progression of T2DM. Serum Ferritin has been shown to be associated with IR. Inflammation is also suggested to be involved in IR and pancreatic Î²-cell dysfunction. However, there is lack of enough evidence concerning the interrelationship between serum Ferritin, inflammation, and IR in the Chinese population with T2DM. In this study, the relationships between serum Ferritin and inflammatory biomarkers with IR in Chinese population were investigated. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 207 Chinese participants, aged 40-60 years in Tianjin, China. Serum Ferritin, transferrin, and folate were measured by immuno-assay analyzer. The levels of TNF-Î±, IL-1Î², and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. IR was evaluated by Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of IR. Correlations were examined by regression analyses. Results: Serum Ferritin level was higher in non-diabetic obese and diabetic group than the non-diabetic lean group. The levels of TNF-Î± and CRP were significantly higher in the diabetic obese group than non-diabetic and diabetic lean subjects. Serum Ferritin, TNF-Î±, and CRP were all correlated with BMI. TNF-Î± correlated with IR and FPI. TNF-Î±, IL-6, IL-1Î², and CRP were all correlated with FPG and HbA1c. Conclusion: In Chinese population, IR had a significant association with TNF-Î± but not with serum Ferritin. Serum Ferritin, TNF-Î±, and CRP were all correlated with BMI. Inflammation and glucose metabolism factors (FPG, HbA1c) showed a strong correlation with each other as well as with adiposity. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-11-30 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1167 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1167.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Pratiksha Paudel, Shitian Zhang, Bei Guo, Alisha Pannu, Gajarishiyan Rasalingam, Ranjita Sah, Bharvi Desai, Aili Yin, Chunmei Gu, Yuhua Yuan, Liming Chen and Wenyan Niu*","author_email":"","department":"","university":" ","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1168 2020-12-05 JBRES:VOL1

Arsenic Mobilization Process in Shallow Aquifer of Bengal Delta Plain: A Field Scale Study to Identify the Role of Coliform Bacteria [{"author_name":"Pinaki Ghosh, Ayan Das, Madhurina Majunder, Samir Kumar Mukherjee and Debashis Chatterjee*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] In Bengal Delta Plain (BDP), shallow aquifer (<50 m) is often contaminated with Arsenic (As). The phenomenon is wide spread in nature thought the BDP notable in Nadia district of west Bengal. The present study highlights a primary screening of As, Fe, MPN and FC in monitored shallow wells. The study designed for two different sites (site-A, High As and site-B Low As area). The water quality monitoring results suggest that high As concentration (Range- 103-171 Î¼gL-1) has been noticed in site A when compared with site B (range-53-99 Î¼gL-1). In sites A, the Fe concentration is high and low in site B. The correlation study (r2) between arsenic and iron are also determined. The value of r2is 0.94 for site A and 0.73 for site B. The water quality results suggest that the nature of the monitor aquifer is anoxic in nature with low Eh, DO absent and low NO3- and SO4+. Major anion is HCO3- (376 mgL-1) followed by Cl- (28 mgL-1). However chloride concentration is largely varying in the monitored tube well. Microbial study (MPN & FC count) also indicates some relationship among MPN (r2-0.32) and Fe (r2 -0.24). However the relationship is scatter when As concentration is low. The linear trended has also obtained when both As, MPN and FC are high. The physical observation of plate count (Color reaction in Chromo colt Agar) has also been observed. This is a clear indicator of fecal coli form contamination. The study indicates that the microbial mobilization of As is the key factor for enrichment of As in ground water. The possible sources of the microbes are local land-use pattern (notable pit-latrine). Finally, the study highlights the role of coli forms bacteria (Both facultative and non-facultative) are wide spread in shallow rural aquifer of Bengal. Thus microbial process possibly enriches arsenic in shallow ground water. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-05 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1168 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1168.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Pinaki Ghosh, Ayan Das, Madhurina Majunder, Samir Kumar Mukherjee and Debashis Chatterjee*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1169 2020-12-11 JBRES:VOL1

Osteopathic Manual Treatment vs Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Proposal for a Protocol for Randomized Trials [{"author_name":"Pawel Lizis*, Wojciech Kobza, Grzegorz Manko, Jaroslaw Jaszczur-Nowicki, Joanna Bukowska, Jacek Perlinski, Barbara Para, Damian Wisniewski and Jolanta Nawara","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Introduction: Numerous modalities of conservative therapeutic interventions are available to achieve the best health benefits in people with Low Back Pain (LBP), e.g., kinesiotherapy, physical therapy, behavior therapy. People with LBP continue to experience pain and disability despite receiving the best evidence based therapy. Osteopathic Manual Therapy (OMT) and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Ortopedic Manual Therapy (KEOMT) are the other options, although their effectiveness remains controversial. The aim of this study is a proposal for a protocol for randomized trials to compare the effectiveness of OMT vs. KEOMT on pain and disability in people suffering from LBP. Methods and analysis: Itâ€™s a randomized study with two-arms parallel, designed with concealed allocation, the assessorâ€™s blinding with intention to-treat analysis. It will include 34 people a group with severe disability ranged from 41 to 60% in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). There will be two groups: a treatment group (OMT) and a comparison group (KEOMT). All the patients in both groups will receive 2 treatments a week for 5 weeks. Each session in both groups will not exceed 30 minutes. During each session OMT and KEOMT techniques will be repeated 3 times. A baseline assessment will be performed pre and post intervention, two days later. The following parameters will be assessed during the evaluations: Numeric Pain Rating Scale â€“ NPRS, ODI. Ethics and dissemination: The trial was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland. Registration approval number: 9/2018. Trial registration: The study protocol was prospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on December 28, 2019 (registration ID: ChiCTR1900028580). Strengths and Limitations of this Study <ul><li>The participantsâ€™ random allocation to the experimental and the control groups. </li><li>The same experienced physiotherapist, blind to the outcome measures, provides the interventions.</li><li>The same assistant, blind to the group allocation, administrates the outcomes. </li><li>The same number of the interventions, the compared contact time with the physiotherapist providing the interventions. </li><li>A short follow-up period and/or a rather small sample size.</li></ul> Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-11 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1169 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1169.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Pawel Lizis*, Wojciech Kobza, Grzegorz Manko, Jaroslaw Jaszczur-Nowicki, Joanna Bukowska, Jacek Perlinski, Barbara Para, Damian Wisniewski and Jolanta Nawara","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1170 2020-12-15 JBRES:VOL1

Evaluation of Direct and Indirect Antioxidant Properties of Selected Four Natural Chemical Compounds: Quercetin, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Indole-3-Carbinol and Sulforaphane by DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay [{"author_name":"Maha J Hashim* and Jeffrey R Fry","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The main characteristic of antioxidants is the capacity to scavenge free radicals produced during cell metabolism, and thus they prevent oxidative stress, which may reduce the risk of many diseases. In this study, we evaluate the antioxidant properties of selected four compounds Quercetin (Q), Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, (EGCG), Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) and Sulforaphane (SF) by DPPH assay. The view is to establish the distinction between direct and indirect antioxidants, which would be the form of the basis for subsequent cellular antioxidant assays in our further studies. For sample assay: 20 Î¼L of antioxidant solutions of Q, EGCG, I3C, and SF was added to 180 of 2,2- Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. For blank solution, DMSO was used. Leaving the plate for 15 min in a dark place and measure the absorbance at 540 nm. The results demonstrated that Q and EGCG possess direct antioxidant properties, which can be used in further cellular studies. I3C and SFN did not appear to possess any direct antioxidant behaviours during DPPH radical scavenging. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-15 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1170 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1170.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Maha J Hashim* and Jeffrey R Fry","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1171 2020-12-15 JBRES:VOL1

Metabolic Disturbance in Patients with Muscular Dystrophy and Reflection of Altered Enzyme Activity in Dystrophic Muscle: One Critical View [{"author_name":"Niraj Kumar Srivastava*, Somnath Mukherjee and Vijay Nath Mishra","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Muscular dystrophies are inherited myogenic diseases and considered by progressive muscle wasting and weakness with variable distribution and severity. The essential characteristics of muscular dystrophies are selective involvement, significant wasting and weakness of muscles. The most common and frequent types of muscular dystrophies are Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD), Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy (FSHD) and Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD). Metabolic disturbance is observed in muscular dystrophy patients (DMD, BMD, FSHD and LGMD-2B). Alteration in the level of metabolites (BCAA, Glu/ Gln, Ace, alanine, glucose, histidine, propionate, tyrosine and fumarate) in dystrophic muscle reflects the alteration in the activity of enzymes. Collectively, these observations propose that there is alteration in the rate of glycolysis, TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis pathway and protein metabolism (catabolism & anabolism) in the muscular dystrophy patients. Metabolic disturbance, further provide the explanation about the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-15 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1171 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1171.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Niraj Kumar Srivastava*, Somnath Mukherjee and Vijay Nath Mishra","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1172 2020-12-16 JBRES:VOL1

Sampling and Characterization of the Environmental Fungi in the Provincial Historic Archive of Pinar Del RÃo, Cuba [{"author_name":"Sofia Borrego*, Alian Molina and Tamara Abrante","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] It has been reported that there is a correlation between indoor airborne fungi and the biodeterioration of valuable documents in archives, libraries and museums, and that these fungi can also cause effects on human health if there are immunological problems or the time of exposure to these environments of low quality is long. The aims of this study were quantifying and characterizing the mycobiota of the indoor air in three repositories of the Provincial Historical Archive of Pinar del RÃo, Cuba and assessing its impact on the human health. The samplings were made in two different months corresponding to the years 2016 and 2017, one belonging to the rainy season and the other to the season of the little rain using a SAS biocollector and appropriate culture media to isolate fungi. The fungal concentrations and the Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios obtained revealing that the repositories showed good quality environments. In both isolations Cladosporium was the predominant genus followed by Penicillium in the first sampling and Fusarium in the second isolation. The genera Aureobasidium, Sepedonium, Trichaegum and Wallemia were new findings for the Cuban archives. The pathogenic attributes studied showed that 30% of the isolates have spores so small that they can penetrate into the respiratory tract into the alveoli; 10.7% of the taxa obtained in the first isolation and 13.3% of the taxa detected in the second sampling also showed positive results to four virulence tests analyzed â€œIn vitroâ€ (growth at 37Â°C, hemolytic activity, phospholipase activity and respiratory tract level to which the spores can penetrate). These virulence factors (pathogenic attributes) evidence the risk that environmental fungi represent for the health of personnel in this archive. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-16 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1172 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1172.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Sofia Borrego*, Alian Molina and Tamara Abrante","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1173 2020-12-16 JBRES:VOL1

Measurement of Photon Matter Interaction Parameters for some Iodine Compounds [{"author_name":"Adnan Kucukonder and Saniye Tekerek*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] In this study, total atomic cross-section (Ïƒta), total moleculer cross-section (Ïƒtm) total electronic cross-section (Ïƒte), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff) and Kerma (K) were determined both experimentally and theoretically values for some iodine compounds. Experimental mass attenuation coefficient (Âµ/Ï) values for some iodine compounds were calculated with the data obtained from the test results. The theoretical mass attenuation coefficient values of these compounds were calculated with the WinXCOM data program. Also, we have performed the measurements for the calculations of experimental values mass attenuation coefficient using direct transmission experimental geometry. The transmission photon intensity of halogene iodine compounds were measured in a narrow beam experiment geometry was used 59.543 keV Î³-ray from an 241Am radioactive source. The tranmissions spectra from iodine compounds were recorded with a Si (Li) detector having a resolution of 155 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV (55Fe) and coupled to a 1024 channel analyzer through a spectroscopic amplifier. This study was provided that new insights into the literature since mass attenuation coefficient experimental values of some I compounds have not been determined previously. More research should be done to observe the changes in the chemical structure of iodine compounds with gamma-ray interaction. This study will shed light on further research. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-16 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1173 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1173.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Adnan Kucukonder and Saniye Tekerek*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1175 2020-12-22 JBRES:VOL1

Pharmacodynamics of Remdesivir: How to Improve for COVID-19 Treatment [{"author_name":"Ashok Chakraborty* and Anil Diwan","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Potential clinical benefit in SARS-CoV-2 with remdesivir have been noticed. Recently, FDA has granted the use of remdesivir for COVID-therapy. However, the efficacy of remdesivir alone or with combination of other antivirals, like chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is still questionable, especially in terms of benefits vs. risk ratio. We here did a search for relevant pharmacological evidences with regards to the Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) of appropriate antiviral compounds against COVID-19 alone or in combination with other potential therapies. Drugâ€“Drug Interactions (DDIs), if any in case of combo treatment have also been taken into consideration. We found promising in vitro evidence for using remdesivir, in combination with (hydroxy) chloroquine and/or favipiravir against SARS-CoV-2. However, clinical trial results are not that satisfactory as expected and limit the use in practice. Additionally, some other drug combination with remdesivir have been proposed in this article for future improvement in therapies. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-22 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1175 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1175.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Ashok Chakraborty* and Anil Diwan","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1176 2020-12-24 JBRES:VOL1

Hydrogels: A Novel Drug Delivery System [{"author_name":"Tayyaba Rana, Madeeha Fatima, Abdul Qayyum Khan*, Zainab Naeem, Sumiyya Javaid, Nayab Sajid and Aamna Habib","author_email":"","department":"Hannover Medical School, Germany ","university":"","country":"Germany","number":""}] Hydrogels are water-swollen networks, which are cross-linked structures consisting of hydrophilic polymers. They are made three-dimensional by the creation of the cross-links by joining them through covalent or ionic bonds. Hydrogels have been used in various areas including industry and medicine due to their excellent characteristics such as high swelling capacity, high content of water, compatibility with other biological molecules, controlled chemical and physical properties, high mechanical integrity and biodegradability. They have been the center of attention of researchers from the past 50 years because of their promising applications in industries and other areas. They are used in different fields, in medicine, in the diagnosis of the diseases, in culturing of cells, in injuries as wound healers, in cosmetics, in skin diseases like pruritis, in environmental pollution reduction and other miscellaneous applications such as in diapers for babies and sanitary products. Extensive literature can be found on the subject of hydrogels. The present review discusses the history, description of hydrogels, basic properties, classification, different techniques or methods of hydrogel synthesis and the areas in which hydrogels find applications. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-24 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1176 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1176.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Tayyaba Rana, Madeeha Fatima, Abdul Qayyum Khan*, Zainab Naeem, Sumiyya Javaid, Nayab Sajid and Aamna Habib","author_email":"","department":"Hannover Medical School, Germany ","university":"","country":"Germany","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1174 2020-12-29 JBRES:VOL1

Minimize Risks of COVID-19 Infection [{"author_name":"Sunil J Wimalawansa*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The first wave of COVID-19 spread across the globe, rapidly during the first half of the year 2020 [1]. Since August 2020, the second wave of COVID-19 has been rampaging across most countries. A third wave may likely occur during the late spring of 2021. These in part coincided with the annual winter flu season in countries located in northern and later, the southern latitudes, during their respective winter periods. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-29 Editorial text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1174 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1174.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Sunil J Wimalawansa*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1177 2020-12-29 JBRES:VOL1

Knowledge and Attitude of Organ Donation among University Students in Pokhara [{"author_name":"Asmita GC, Arati Timilsina*and Vikash Kumar KC","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Donation of the tissue or organ of human body from a living or dead person to a living recipient in need of transplantation is organ donation. In the field of modern medicine organ transplantation is one of the greatest scientific advances and remains the most challenging and complex. It saves thousands of life. The main objective of the study was to explore the knowledge and attitude of organ donation. A descriptive cross- sectional study using self- administered questionnaire tool was conducted among 154 Bachelor level students who were selected by using non probability consecutive sampling technique. The obtained data was entered on SPSS 20 version program and analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive statistics (Frequency, percentage, mean, median, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi square).The study found that 57.1 percent had moderate knowledge on organ donation and more than half (69.5%) had neutral attitude on organ donation. Knowledge on organ donation was poor. There was significant association (0.014) between ethnicity and knowledge level. The study concluded that there was moderate level of knowledge and neutral level of attitude on organ donation among bachelor level students and there was no significant association of socio-demographic variables and level of knowledge except ethnicity. It therefore suggests awareness programs on organ donation for college students to promote and upgrade their knowledge and attitude about organ donation. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2020-12-29 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1177 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1177.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Asmita GC, Arati Timilsina*and Vikash Kumar KC","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1178 2021-01-05 JBRES:VOL2

Risk Factors Associated with Mortality among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Regular Hemodialysis Presenting in Emergency Services [{"author_name":"Tirtha Man Shrestha*, Laxman Bhusal, Ram Prasad Neupane, Rajan Ghimire and Pratap Narayan Prasad","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Background: With the increasing number of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), emergency visit of these patients is also increasing. This study tried to find some of the reasons for which patients with CKD visit the emergency room and the reasons for their mortality. Method: A cross-sectional study was done in the emergency room of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. We conducted this study from 1 May 2018 to 31 October 2018 among the adult CKD patients under regular hemodialysis. We used a convenience sampling method. Three hundred patients were included. We studied the following variables: patientâ€™s age, sex, risk factors, laboratory parameter during the emergency visit (viz. hemoglobin, pH, serum bicarbonate level, and potassium level), emergency hemodialysis, blood transfusion, and clinical outcome during emergency room stay. Result: We enrolled 300 patients in the study. The mean age was 45.04 years in the mortality group and 45.69 years in the survival group 152 (50.7%) of patients had hypertension. Mean hemoglobin was 6.52gm% (SD = 1.93). Mean hemoglobin in survivor and the non-survivor group was 6.59 gm% and 5.58 gm% respectively. Serum creatinine was 1220.87 mmol/L and 1064.01 mmol/L in mortality and survivor group respectively. Likewise, serum potassium was 6.13 mEq/l and 5.74 mEq/l among mortality and survivor groups respectively. Binary logistic regression showed significant association (p <0.05) of anemia, emergency dialysis and presence of sepsis with the mortality. There was significant correlation of presence of comorbidities, anemia, serum creatinine, serum potassium level, and sepsis with mortality. Area under the Receiver Operating Curve to predict mortality among CKD patients was 0.660 for potassium and 0.598 for serum creatinine. Conclusion: Anemia, increased serum creatinine, and hyperkalemia was significantly correlated with mortality in chronic kidney disease and were causes of frequent visits in the emergency room. Therefore, we should address these factors during the management of CKD patients. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-01-05 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1178 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1178.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Tirtha Man Shrestha*, Laxman Bhusal, Ram Prasad Neupane, Rajan Ghimire and Pratap Narayan Prasad","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1181 2021-01-11 JBRES:VOL2

Famotidine Research Progress [{"author_name":"Aamir Jalal Al Mosawi*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] There has been an increasing interest in famotidine research within the scientific medical community because of the emerging preliminary evidence suggesting its possible beneficial role in patients with COVIDâ€‘19. The aim of this paper to provide an overview of famotidine research progress relevant to COVIDâ€‘19. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-01-11 Short Communication text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1181 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1181.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Aamir Jalal Al Mosawi*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1179 2021-01-11 JBRES:VOL2

Multifaceted Medical and Scientific Approaches and the Role of the Public in Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Digital Era [{"author_name":"Vijay Mahant*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Epidemics and pandemics have been recurrent in history. One of the worst pandemics in the modern history was the 1918 H1N1 flu (â€œSpanish fluâ€) that claimed the lives of an estimated 50 million people globally [1]. The current pandemic, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of COVID-19, was first reported in the city of Wuhan (China) in December 2019. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), at the time of writing, there were over 84 million confirmed cases and over 1.8 million deaths in 218 countries linked to COVID-19 [2], and the numbers of cases continue to climb globally. The viral transmission has been reported as predominantly horizontal while reports of vertical transmission have been limited [3]. The impact of COVID-19 on morbidity, mortality, lifestyle changes, and trillions of dollars in the economy is unprecedented in the modern history. There are significant synergies and a concerted role for multifaceted medical and scientific approaches to be utilized to engage the public in combating COVID-19 effectively. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-01-11 Editorial text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1179 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1179.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Vijay Mahant*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1180 2021-01-11 JBRES:VOL2

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide, Titanium Dioxide and Magnesium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Their Prospective in Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Applications [{"author_name":"Abhinav Shrivastava, Ravi Kant Singh, Pankaj Kumar Tyagi* and Dilip Gore","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The use of nanoparticles for the therapeutic purpose is gaining pronounced importance. In the last two decades, a number of nanomedicines received regulatory approval and several showed promises through clinical trials. In this content, it is important to synthesize nanoparticles from various sources and to check its efficiency, especially its antibacterial activity. In todayâ€™s scenario number nanomedicines are proving useful to control multidrug resistance and since the mechanism of action of nanoparticles is totally different from the small molecules like antibiotics it obviates the chances of drug resistance. In this review, we discussed three metal-based nanoparticles prepared from various reducing sources namely Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle (TiO2 NPs) and Magnesium Dioxide Nanoparticle (MnO2 NPs). The focus also made towards the safety assessment of the several nanoparticles. In addition, the exact interaction of the nanoparticles with the bacterial cell surface and the resultant changes also been highlighted. The review put forward the sources, method, and antibacterial success of these nanoparticles so that future nanomedicines could be put forward. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-01-11 Mini Review text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1180 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1180.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Abhinav Shrivastava, Ravi Kant Singh, Pankaj Kumar Tyagi* and Dilip Gore","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1182 2021-01-28 JBRES:VOL2

Measurement of Total Electronic Cross-Section, Total Atomic Cross-Section, Effective Atomic Numbers, Effective Electron Densities and Kerma for Some Br Compounds [{"author_name":"Tekerek Saniye* and Kucukonder Adnan","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The aim of this study is to calculate the experimental and theoretical the mass attenuation coefficient some Br compounds by using transmission method. Also using these values were determined the total electronic section, total atomic section, effective atomic number, effective electron density and Kerma. We performed the calculations of these values in attenuation by using direct excitation experimental geometry. The total attenuation cross sections of some halogene Br compounds were measured in a narrow beam good geometry using a high resolution Si(Li) detector in the energy with Î³ photons at 59.543 keV from Am-241 annular source. Theoretical mass attenuation coefficient values were computed from the XCOM data programme, based on mixture rule method. This study provide new insight into the literature since the values of effective atomic number, electron density and Kerma for some Br compounds have not been determined before. According to the results shown in mass attenuation coefficient, Zeff and Neff of Br compounds are closely associated with chemical structure. This research were undertaken to explore how Bromine compounds is gamma ray shielding material. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-01-28 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1182 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1182.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Tekerek Saniye* and Kucukonder Adnan","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1183 2021-01-29 JBRES:VOL2

Triggered by Covid-19? Large Vascular Occlusion Resulting in Cytokine Storm Syndrome and Kounis Syndrome: A Case Report [{"author_name":"Ayfer Ertekin*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] It has been widely reported that infections caused by coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), can result in cytokine storm syndrome, one of the causes of acute cerebrovascular disease and â€˜kounis syndromeâ€™. An 87-year-old male patient, who did not have any chronic diseases apart from hypertensions, was admitted to our emergency department with mental fog and right-sided weakness in the absence of the typical symptoms of Covid-19 (such as fever, cough). In addition to evidence of left middle cerebral artery infarction in Computerized Tomography (CT) of the brain, there were infiltrative findings compatible with Covid-19 in thorax CT. Here, we discuss this case in the light of the literature, assuming that inflammation (cytokine storm) and hypercoagulopathy induced by Covid-19 may have presented with large vessel occlusion and kounis syndrome as a result of increased risk of arterial thrombosis. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-01-29 Case Report text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1183 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1183.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Ayfer Ertekin*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1184 2021-01-30 JBRES:VOL2

Investigation of the Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Effective Atomic Numbers and Electron Densities for Compounds of Painkiller [{"author_name":"Tekerek Saniye*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] In this study the effects of gamma radiations with compounds are an important subject in the field of medicine, radiation shielding and radiation physics. With technological advances the using of radiation has increased in the medicine in the last century. The mass absorpsion coefficient (Âµ/Ï) is the fundamental a quantity characterizing gamma ray and is of major importance in radiation shielding. In this study, the mass absorption coefficient of painkillers named Ketoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Etodolac, Ibuprofen, Meloxicam, Diclofenac and Aspirin were calculated at energy range from 4.65 keV to 59.543 keV using the WinXCom data programme. In addition total atomic (Ïƒta), moleculer (Ïƒtm), electronic cross-section (Ïƒte), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff) were calculated. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-01-30 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1184 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1184.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Tekerek Saniye*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1185 2021-02-08 JBRES:VOL2

Nodular Pulmonary Amyloidosis: A Case over Fourteen Years [{"author_name":"Ekladious A*, Fish L, De Chaneet C and Cox C","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] A 75-year-old man presented with pleuritic chest pain, haemoptysis and dyspnoea. Imaging found multiple pulmonary nodules, concerning for malignancy. CT-guided biopsy was consistent with amyloid. The patient has a history of pulmonary amyloidosis, with a single nodule resected 14 years prior. This case allows comparison between imaging fourteen years apart, providing insight into the progressive nature of these benign nodules. Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is a rare condition with few case reports published. Of those published, few are of nodular amyloidosis in the absence of underlying neoplastic aetiology. This case presents a 14-year interval of a patient with nodular amyloidosis, allowing insight into disease progression which has not previously been well described. A 75-year-old man presented to a regional hospital in Australia with right sided pleuritic chest pain, and a 2-week history of productive cough, haemoptysis, dyspnoea and reduced exercise tolerance. Further questioning revealed a 3-month history of worsening dyspnoea, haemoptysis and cough, with no orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea or weight loss. The patientsâ€™ past medical history included resection of an amyloid tumour from the left lower lobe of the lung in 2004, ex-smoker with a 30-pack year history, significant occupational asbestos exposure through work as a diesel mechanic, and hypercholesterolaemia. The patient lives at home with his partner and is independent with the activities of daily living. On examination, the patient appeared well, in no respiratory distress. Observations were within normal limits, with oxygen saturations of 94% on room air, respiration rate of 18. On auscultation, there were late inspiratory crackles, as well as decreased hepatic dullness to percussion. There was a central trachea and no palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. Cardiovascular examination was unremarkable, and the patient was euvolaemic. Abdominal examination was unremarkable with no palpable organomegaly, and he did not have a rash or skin abnormalities seen. The initial investigations were conducted to investigate a potential lung malignancy underlying malignancy, based on the appearance on CT scan. The patient advised us that he had a previous diagnosis of primary pulmonary amyloidosis, first diagnosed 14 years ago. The diagnosis was made after a chest x-ray and CT showed a nodule, suspicious for cancer. Pulmonary function tests were performed and he was referred to a Cardiothoracic surgeon for consideration of a left lower lobectomy. He was treated with a wedge resection. Histopathology from this specimen showed primary pulmonary amyloidosis. There was a delay in the understanding of how the patient came to have this rare diagnosis, as it took five days for the medical records to be sourced from the archive. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-08 Case Report text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1185 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1185.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Ekladious A*, Fish L, De Chaneet C and Cox C","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1186 2021-02-16 JBRES:VOL2

The Five Elements in Acupuncture Treatment [{"author_name":"Leroy Loot*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The Five Elements in acupuncture treatment is determined by using various sequences and the Five Transporting points simultaneously. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-16 Opinion text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1186 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1186.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Leroy Loot*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1187 2021-02-16 JBRES:VOL2

Environmental Impacts and Recycling Processes of Waste Automobile Tires [{"author_name":"Haydar Goksu*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Recycling is the inclusion of wastes that can be recycled into the production process by transforming them into secondary raw materials after various physical and/or chemical processes. The natural resources are not infinite. Of course it will run out one day. For this reason, the recycling process has gained a serious dimension for countries due to both economic and environmental factors. Although the recycling process of thermoplastic materials is known and frequently used by the science and industry community, the recycling of rubber materials has remained in the background. However, with the increase in the number of automobiles around the world, the increasing amount of solid waste tires puts the society in trouble both economically and environmentally. In this research, there are data on the introduction of automobile tires, which are a very serious waste throughout the country, to the economy. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-16 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1187 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1187.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Haydar Goksu*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1188 2021-02-19 JBRES:VOL2

Brain Abscess of Otorhinolaryngologic Origin: Study of 80 Cases in the Neurosurgery Department of Conakry University Hospital Center [{"author_name":"Barry Lounceny Fatoumata*, Souare Ibrahima Sory, Atakla Hugues Ghislain, Conde Alpha Youssouf, Djibo Hamani Abdoul Bachir, Conde Mohamed Lamine, Youla Seny, Cisse Fode Abass and Cisse Amara","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Introduction: Brain abscesses are serious conditions that can be life-threatening if left untreated. The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of cerebral abscesses of otorhinolaryngological origin in our department. Methods and Materials: This was a retrospective study of 80 cerebral abscess files of otorhinolaryngological origin collected over a period of 5 years (January 2014-December 2018) at the neurosurgery department of Conakry University Hospital Center. Results: Abscesses of otorhinolaryngological origin represented 72% of all abscesses. The mean age was 14.7 years with a sex ratio of 4. The clinical picture was dominated by fever (92%), focal signs (55%) and intracranial hypertension (46%). The entrance door was 84% sinus. The frontal site was predominant, 44 cases. Eighty-two percent of patients underwent surgery and 18% were treated with antibiotic therapy alone. The evolution was favorable in 75% of the cases with a mortality rate of 15%. Conclusion: Brain abscesses are a medical-surgical emergency. The forms of otorhinolaryngologic origin are dominated by sinusitis. Despite the therapeutic difficulties, the prognosis remains acceptable in our study, 15% of deaths. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-19 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1188 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1188.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Barry Lounceny Fatoumata*, Souare Ibrahima Sory, Atakla Hugues Ghislain, Conde Alpha Youssouf, Djibo Hamani Abdoul Bachir, Conde Mohamed Lamine, Youla Seny, Cisse Fode Abass and Cisse Amara","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1189 2021-02-20 JBRES:VOL2

Thresholds of Body and Mind [{"author_name":"Andrew Hague*","author_email":"","department":"Professor of Advanced Medicine, Honorary Fellow of the International Academy of Medical Sciences","university":"","country":"United Kingdom","number":""}] What are the limits? How much can we endure? What will be tolerated. When does anguish start? These limits are the thresholds beyond which suffering starts. They have a direct effect on the immune system which interacts between the body and the mind. It is our built-in, automatic doctor. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-20 Observational Studies text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1189 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1189.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Andrew Hague*","author_email":"","department":"Professor of Advanced Medicine, Honorary Fellow of the International Academy of Medical Sciences","university":"","country":"United Kingdom","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1190 2021-02-23 JBRES:VOL2

Morphometric Analysis of Common Bile Duct: A Cadaveric Study [{"author_name":"Sanjay Kumar Sah*, Himal Panth and Ying Xiong Wang","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Introduction: Though human beings look similar in their general anatomical appearances but during the investigation of a particular structure in detail, it is surprising how frequently we meet one sort or another type of variation. Literature reports that accurate dimensions of CBD are debatable. Therefore, determination of a spontaneous abnormality or atypical variation is important and reference range plays a significant role to classify the normal or abnormal duct. Materials and Methods: A total of thirty (30) cadavers were dissected at MGM Medical College Mumbai, India from Jan 2012 to March 2013 for anatomical features of the common bile duct-like their size, variations in the course and termination. Results: The length of the common bile duct varies 35.19 mm to 62.43 mm with Mean Â± SD 46.92 Â± 7.91 mm and diameter varied between 3.65 mm to 10.31 mm with mean value 6.50 Â± 1.77. The correlation between length and diameter of common bile duct is statistically insignificant (p = 0.243) Conclusion: We established a reference range for the CBD length and diameter. Thus, the exact knowledge of the anatomy of the common bile duct is significant for successful hepato-biliary surgery and biliary pathology. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-23 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1190 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1190.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Sanjay Kumar Sah*, Himal Panth and Ying Xiong Wang","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1191 2021-02-23 JBRES:VOL2

Modeling the Movement of Groundwater VOD in a Rectangular Jumper with a Screen [{"author_name":"Bereslavsky EN*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Within the framework of planar steady-state filtration of incompressible fluid according to Darcyâ€™s law, an exact analytical solution of the problem of flow in a rectangular cofferdam with a screen in the presence of evaporation from the free surface of groundwater is given. The limiting cases of the considered motion - filtration in unconfined reservoir to imperfect gallery, as well as the flow in the absence of evaporation - are noted. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-23 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1191 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1191.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Bereslavsky EN*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1192 2021-02-24 JBRES:VOL2

How to Get Ill, Stay Ill and Die [{"author_name":"Andrew Hague*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] This is your death plan. Choose the easy options. Go with the flow. Do what you want to do. This will get you off the endless conveyor. No more effort and itâ€™s all downhill. Be advised by advertisers, doctors who know nothing about food or exercise, a government that wants to squeeze you and business intent on profit. If you are reading this thinking you can do the opposite, think again. You will be fighting powers you did not know exist. Perhaps you should be in a cave without money, friends or help. Survival in a civilised society is difficult. Only the brave can go against the grain. There are three sectors: food, exercise and lifestyle. All three are waiting for you like monsters of the deep to suck you in and kill you. You think you are being looked after. Beware! Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-24 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1192 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1192.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Andrew Hague*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1193 2021-02-26 JBRES:VOL2

Cytogenetic Study on Mitotic Cell Division in Allium cepa by Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) Containing Bacterial Strain Isolated from Tannery Effluents of Bangladesh [{"author_name":"Afrin Priya Talukder, Sarwat Tazrian, Md. Nazmul Haque, Shahriar Zaman and Md. Akhtar-E-Ekram*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] In the present study, a bacterial strain capable of Pb and Cr detoxification was isolated from tannery effluents which was identified as Myroides sp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the cytogenetic experiment, 100 and 600 Âµg/ml of lead and chromium were used as treatment for the root tips of Allium cepa and caused many chromosomal abnormalities such as abnormal chromosome position, damaged nucleus, breaks of chromosome bridges and fragments also occurred. Notably, sticky metaphase was found where sticky chromosomes indicated highly toxic, usually irreversible consequences leading to cell death. However, Myroides sp. treated supernatant, collected after day 7, used to treat Allium cepa tips showed less mitotic aberrations, nuclear degeneration and observed normal anaphase and telophase stage indicating possible metal detoxifying ability of the isolated strain. Furthermore, LC50 value was 64.63 Î¼l/ml for Myroides sp. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-26 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1193 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1193.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Afrin Priya Talukder, Sarwat Tazrian, Md. Nazmul Haque, Shahriar Zaman and Md. Akhtar-E-Ekram*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1194 2021-02-27 JBRES:VOL2

Vertical Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Window Organic Films Formed in an Urban Street Canyon [{"author_name":"Ioannis Spiliopoulos and Evangelos Bakeas*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) were determined in outdoor organic films formed on window glasses inside a street canyon at four different heights. The vertical distribution of PAHs in the organic film and the factors responsible for this have been studied. Significant changes of the concentration levels depending on the height and on the season were observed. The concentrations were elevated in the organic film at the street level and during the cold period. This work provides evidences that window organic film may pose an additional risk for human health in such locations through the accumulation of PAHs near the street level. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-02-27 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1194 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1194.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Ioannis Spiliopoulos and Evangelos Bakeas*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1195 2021-03-02 JBRES:VOL2

Net worth and Mental Health Problems [{"author_name":"Jaewon Lee* and Jennifer Allen","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Assets and debts and other accumulated wealth should be considered to understand oneâ€™s mental health because they influence quality of life over time. Researchers acknowledge limitations of previous studies regarding mental health, which did not consider net worth [1]. Previous studies have mainly addressed Socioeconomic Status (SES) as an indicator influencing mental health [2,3], rather than considering net worth. As a result, the importance of net worth (Wealth and debt) has been growing, and these factors should be included to deeply understand mental health [1]. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-02 Opinion text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1195 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1195.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Jaewon Lee* and Jennifer Allen","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1196 2021-03-02 JBRES:VOL2

Pain Management Strategies Postoperatively in Arthroscopy of Foot & Ankle: A Review Article [{"author_name":"Collin LaPorte*, Michael D. Rahl, Olufemi R. Ayeni and Travis J. Menge","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Foot & Ankle arthroscopy is an increasingly rapid field in the treatment of multiple hip conditions, owing to its important diagnostic and therapeutic benefit. As these patients lack a consistent pain relief plan, effective post-operative pain control appears to be a concern. Several methods were used to identify a method that decreases post-operative pain, narcotic intake and hospital and treatment system costs. This article aims to study and report the relevant findings of the previous paper â€œPost-operative pain management strategies in hip arthroscopy.â€ Latest research encourages the use of a multimodal approach to the treatment of postoperative pain in hip arthroscopic patients. In tandem with peripheral nerve blocks or intraoperative anesthetic injection a pre- and after-operative analgesic regimen is used, patients experience lower discomfort and post-operative narcotic use. Different methods are similar in post-operative pain and opioid use. However, of those undergoing Intraarticular (IA) or Local Anesthetic Infiltration (LAI), postoperative risks relative to peripheral nervous blocks are smaller. Latest trials have demonstrated that the best and most reliable, multi-modal treatment for the reduction of postoperative pain in these patients may be intraoperative techniques such as IA injection or LAI in combination with a pre and postoperative analgesy. Furthermore, failure to use the peripheral nerve block can result in lower anesthesia procedural fees and operating room turnover, thereby lowering patientsâ€™ costs and increasing facility effectiveness. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-02 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1196 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1196.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Collin LaPorte*, Michael D. Rahl, Olufemi R. Ayeni and Travis J. Menge","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1197 2021-03-02 JBRES:VOL2

Lifestyle, Nutritional and Psychological Changes in Adult Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism during COVID 19 Pandemic: Results from an Online Survey [{"author_name":"Gugelmo G, Schiff S, Lovato E, Lenzini L, Boscari F, Francini-Pesenti F, Avogaro A and Vitturi N*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] When COVID-19 pandemic out broke in Italy, during the lockdown from March to May 2020, Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) patients were at risk of not getting their dietary special products and routine visits. Moreover, during pandemic, psychological difficulties might have arose in these subjects, even more severe than in the general population due to the worries about acute decompensation caused by a possible COVID-19. In order to evaluate the patientsâ€™ perception of the outbreak situation and their related needs, three simple online anonymous surveys drawn up by Google Forms were sent to patients and families referring to our Adult IEM Center. Answers were collected between April and May 2020. Questionnaires investigated nutritional and lifestyle changes and psychological status using validated psychological tools. 19 patients with IEM filled out our survey (Median age 26-30 years). The most common nutritional therapy was low protein diet. During quarantine 12% patients failed to follow their usual medical diet, 65% reduced their physical activity and no one underwent an acute metabolic crisis. 57% of patients asked for more frequent access to the reference center. 33% of patients showed stress perceived of clinical relevance and general health perception were out of normal in 40% of patients. In conclusion, during quarantine some patients reported difficulty in following their medical diet or physical activity and were clinically stressed. Despite this, no one experienced a metabolic crisis, but asked for contacting the Metabolic Team in different ways than usual due to worries about their health condition. Telemedicine, the possibility of clinical follow-up at home patient (Including blood tests) and reservation of non-COVID-19 beds for hospital admission of IEM patients may have contributed to help IEM adult patients in better face this emergency time. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-02 Case Report text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1197 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1197.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Gugelmo G, Schiff S, Lovato E, Lenzini L, Boscari F, Francini-Pesenti F, Avogaro A and Vitturi N*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1198 2021-03-03 JBRES:VOL2

Monitoring of Group A Rotavirus Strains Circulating in the Environment and Among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis [{"author_name":"Abderrahim Hatib, Najwa Hassou and Moulay Mustapha Ennaji*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Rotavirus A is the causative agent of 90% of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5, which kills 1 to 3 million children per year. Their strong resistance in the environment, their inter-species transmission as well as their power of genetic recombination can give rise to new reasserting that may be harmful to public health. The simultaneous search for the presence of rotavirus A in different environmental and clinical biotopes and matrices as well as the monitoring of the seasonal evolution of episodes is of major importance. At cost, genetic monitoring of rotaviruses shows a correlation between the presence of different genotypes of RVA in the environment and the rate of morbidity, Hence the need to monitor the emergence of new circulating strains with a view to integrating them into routine immunization programmes appropriate for each region in order to limit the spread of the disease. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-03 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1198 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1198.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Abderrahim Hatib, Najwa Hassou and Moulay Mustapha Ennaji*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1199 2021-03-06 JBRES:VOL2

Beta-Chitosane as a Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis: Therapeutic Effectiveness and Possible Mechanisms of Action [{"author_name":"Laribi-Habchi Hassiba*, Laichi Yasmine, Saadoune Zineb, Boucherit Ahmed and Azine Kenza","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Purpose: Colitis is a widespread inflammatory bowel disease with heterogeneous etiology (genetic and immunological). It is treated with drugs such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory that, in the long term, can cause side effects. For this reason, the exploitation of natural resources to combat this type of disease is the concern of researchers. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the anti-colitis (anti-inflammatory) effect of Î²-Chitosane induced in albino mice by acetic acid (5%). Methods: Mices were separated into six groups: the witness (untreated and not ulcerated), negative control group (ulcerated and untreated), the positive control ulcerated and treated with the DexamÃ©thasoneÂ® (1 mg/kg), and test groups ulcerated and treated with different doses of Î²-Chitosane (0.5 g/ kg; 0.75 g/ kg and 1 g/ kg) for the entire treatment estimated to six-days. Î²-Chitosane efficacy was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic scores. Results: The clinical scores showed that Î²-Chitosane with a dose of 1 g/kg for the entire treatment significantly reduced the damage caused by acetic acid with a score of (3.41 Â± 1.45) compared to those of the positive control which reduced less the inflammation (6.26 Â± 1.23). The histological study of the colons was able to validate the effect of Î²-Chitosane by decreasing neutrophil infiltration and ulceration in the colon as well as by structural recovery of the mucosa. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that Î²-Chitosane has a protective effect against ulcerative colitis that may be due to its antioxidant, anti infectious, anti-inflammatory and healing activities. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-06 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1199 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1199.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Laribi-Habchi Hassiba*, Laichi Yasmine, Saadoune Zineb, Boucherit Ahmed and Azine Kenza","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1200 2021-03-06 JBRES:VOL2

Recurrent Pituitary Tumor and Use of Minidoppler to Avoid Carotid Artery Injury [{"author_name":"Md Moshiur Rahman*, Mainul Haque Sarker and Md Raziul Haque","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Study objective: To learn how to avoid injury to the carotid artery during recurrent pituitary surgery. Design: Through transsphenoidal endonasal approach the steps of surgery with avoidance of complications were described in the video particularly the use of Minidoppler was to localise the carotids. Setting: Comfort Nursing Home, a private hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Subject/Audience: Neurosurgeons/Residents. Intervention: Demonstration of transsphenoidal endonasal approach for recurrent pituitary tumor and use of Minidoppler to avoid carotid artery injury. Results: Avoidance of complications like intraoperative accidental injury to carotids where symptomatic tumor is small and inter carotid distance is less. Taking this into account, we created this video to demonstrate the important steps specifically to use Minidoppler to avoid a devastation like carotid artery injury. Conclusion: The steps of recurrent pituitary surgery through endonasal approach is well established. To evaluate the details of anatomical structures specifically the inter carotid distance prior to surgery will prevent the unwanted complications in recurrent pituitary surgery and with high resolution monitoring and use of Minidoppler, carotid arteries can be localised. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-06 Case Study text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1200 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1200.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Md Moshiur Rahman*, Mainul Haque Sarker and Md Raziul Haque","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1201 2021-03-06 JBRES:VOL2

Does Lyme Disease Cause PANS? [{"author_name":"Daniel A. Kinderlehrer*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] In 1994, Susan Swedo and colleagues described children who developed mental health issues following infection with Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections, and in a subsequent report coined the term Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) [1,2]. In short order it was discovered that multiple microbes have the potential of triggering mental health issues in children and adolescents, and the nomenclature was updated to Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) [3]. The microbes that thus far have been associated with PANS include herpes simplex virus, influenza A virus, varicella virus, HIV, recurrent sinusitis, Epstein-Barr virus, the common cold, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bartonella henselae [4-6]. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-06 Opinion text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1201 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1201.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Daniel A. Kinderlehrer*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1202 2021-03-08 JBRES:VOL2

COVID-19 and Indian Agriculture [{"author_name":"Namera Thahaby*, Afzal Hoque Akand, Abdul Hai Bhat, Shabeer Ahmed Hamdani and Munjid Maryam","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Marked as a dark swan occurrence and compared to the monetary scene of World War Two the flare-up of COVID-19 has detrimentally affected worldwide medical care frameworks with a gradually expanding influence on each part of human life. Despite all the measures taking into account proceeding with limitations on developments of individuals and vehicular traffic, concerns have been raised with respect to negative ramifications of COVID-19 pandemic on the farm economy. With an expanding populace, there is a relating ascend in food request in India. A post-COVID circumstance offers that one of a kind chance to repurpose the current food and farming strategies for a more beneficial population. India, being trade surplus on objects like rice, meat, milk objects, tea, plant objects, and so forth might also additionally take benefit of the fortunate breaks via way of means of sending out such objects with a strong agri-trades policy. Development of fare steady framework and coordination would require ventures and backing of the private division that will be in the drawn out interests of ranchers in boosting their income. This is for sure uplifting news in the COVID situation, accepting agribusiness can rehearse to a great extent unscathed. Designing rural arrangements, post-COVID situation, must incorporate these goals for a food frameworks change in India. The end of the lockdown wonâ€™t end the issues. The need of great importance is to amplify potential outcomes of agriculture, which has shown its utility and flexibility in attempting times. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-08 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1202 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1202.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Namera Thahaby*, Afzal Hoque Akand, Abdul Hai Bhat, Shabeer Ahmed Hamdani and Munjid Maryam","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1204 2021-03-11 JBRES:VOL2

A Hundred-Year Researching History on the Low Ionic Strength in Red Blood Cells: Literature Review [{"author_name":"Fuhrmann GF* and Netter KJ","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] This review article provides a critical survey of work from 1904 to 2003 on the effects of low ionic strength in Red Blood Cells (RBCs) incubated in media with impermeable sugars such as sucrose. In 1904 GÃ¼rber A washed RBCs of different species with isotonic sucrose solution to eliminate the outside ions in order to better analyse their intracellular ionic composition; however, this approach was not feasible because of a substantial salt efflux from the cells. A prominent feature of the salt loss is the shrinking of the RBCs. A central role in the understanding of the ionic movements is thereby the new Donnan equilibrium of the anions. Experimental evidence has been given by Jacobs MH and Parpart AK in 1933. In the sucrose medium two phases could be predicted: 1) a very rapid anionic shift resulting in an unequal distribution of chloride and hydroxyl anions on both sides of the membrane and 2) a leakage of salts from the RBCs. In 1940 Wilbrandt W assumed that a positive membrane potential is in line with the salt loss at low ionic strength in RBCs. In 1977 Knauf PA, Fuhrmann GF, Rothstein S and Rothstein A observed in RBCs an inhibition of both, anion exchange and also of net anion efflux, by incubation with disulfonic stilbene derivates. At low ionic strength the Donnan equilibrium is immediately obtained by the Anion Exchanger Protein (AEP). The resulting positive membrane potential opens at least two new types of cation pores or channels. Thereby is the conductivity pathway for the anions, namely the AEP, in charge of the net anion loss at low ionic strength. The AEP pathway is extensively blocked by disulfonic stilbene compounds. The permeability ways for cations through these pores or channels are not yet explored. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-11 Review Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1204 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1204.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Fuhrmann GF* and Netter KJ","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1203 2021-03-12 JBRES:VOL2

Cranioplasty Flap Lifting Caused by Intracranial Hypertension Literature Review [{"author_name":"Yakhya CISSE*, Jean Michel NZISABIRA, Abdoulaye DIOP, Ansoumane DONZO, Lounceny Fatoumata BARRY, Rokhaya DIAJHETE, Nantenin DOUMBIA, Papa Ndiouga LO, Aissatou KEBE, Fatou SENE, Alioune Badara THIAM, Momar Code BA and Seydou Boubakar BADIANE","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Cranioplasty is a neurosurgical technique that replaces a bone defect in the skull with hard replacement tissue. It is indicated in particular after a decompressive craniectomy performed in severe head trauma in order to control intracranial hypertension refractory to medical treatment. Cranioplasty is sometimes associated with a significant number of complications, including hydrocephalus. In this article, we report the case of a cranioplasty flap lifting on intracranial hypertension following postoperative hydrocephalus and discuss the clinical relevance with a review of the literature. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-12 Case Report text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1203 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1203.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Yakhya CISSE*, Jean Michel NZISABIRA, Abdoulaye DIOP, Ansoumane DONZO, Lounceny Fatoumata BARRY, Rokhaya DIAJHETE, Nantenin DOUMBIA, Papa Ndiouga LO, Aissatou KEBE, Fatou SENE, Alioune Badara THIAM, Momar Code BA and Seydou Boubakar BADIANE","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1205 2021-03-16 JBRES:VOL2

National Dishes and their Role in the Transmission of Dangerous Invasive Diseases in the Arctic Regions of Yakutia [{"author_name":"Kokolova Luidmila Michailovna*, Gavrilieva Lyubov Yurievna, Stepanova Svetlana Maksimovna, Dulova Sargylana Vitalievna and Sivtseva Evgenia Vladimirovna","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The article presents the results of studies on the epizootic and epidemiological situation in the territory of Yakutia for particularly dangerous invasive diseases-Diphyllobothriosis, Trichinosis, Echinococcosis and Teniarynchosis. The article reflects the results of the authors own research with such components as the infestation of fish, bears, wild and domestic animals and epidemiological surveillance of the disease of the population with these Helminthiasis. It is noted that the obtained data on the dynamics of the morbidity of the population in comparison with the indicators of Russia exceeds several times. Infection of animals and fish with pathogens of dangerous invasive diseases creates conditions for the formation of natural foci, and prevention issues remain relevant due to the high level of morbidity, infestations that transmit through fish, wild and domestic animals predominate. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-16 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1205 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1205.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Kokolova Luidmila Michailovna*, Gavrilieva Lyubov Yurievna, Stepanova Svetlana Maksimovna, Dulova Sargylana Vitalievna and Sivtseva Evgenia Vladimirovna","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1206 2021-03-17 JBRES:VOL2

Commentary on the Zimbabwean Peopleâ€™s Response towards the Anticipated COVID-19 Vaccine [{"author_name":"Rosemary Chigevenga*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The Coronavirus disease which started in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has been and continues to claim lives worldwide. It created uncertainties and confusion even in the medical field with its mutations which created new variants which proved to be more dangerous than the original one in some parts of the world leading it to be more fatal in the second wave. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-17 Commentary text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1206 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1206.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Rosemary Chigevenga*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1207 2021-03-18 JBRES:VOL2

Calculation of Air Kerma of CT Contrast Agents and Painkiller [{"author_name":"Saniye Tekerek*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] In this study have investigated the mass attenuation coefficient and air Kerma of some CT contrast agents and painkiller. The mass attenuation coefficient and air Kerma of Iotrolan, Iodixanol, Iohexol, Ioxilan, Ioversol, Iomeprol, Ketoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Etodolac, Ä°buprofen, Meloxicam, Diflofenac and Aspirin have been calculated by using WinXCom in the energy range from 1 keV to 1000 keV. The current study would be useful to develop new shielding materials in radiation application fields. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-18 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1207 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1207.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Saniye Tekerek*","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1208 2021-03-18 JBRES:VOL2

Potential Use of Quercetin as Protective Agent against Hydroxychloroquine Induced Cardiotoxicity [{"author_name":"Mona G Amer* and Nader M. Mohamed","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Quercetin (QCT) on Hydroxychloquine (HCQ)-induced myocardial affection in rats. HCQ has been found to produce toxic effects including cardiac manifestation. Adding QCT to HCQ ameliorates its effects and prevents cardiac manifestations. For this purpose, eighty adult male rats were divided into four groups (n = 20). Group 1 (control) and group 2 (QCT-treated). Group 3 (HCQ treated) received 20 mg/kg of HCQ and group 4 (QCT + HCQ treated) received quercetin (50 mg/kg; orally) combined with HCQ for 4 weeks. Cardiac troponin-I and oxidative markers (Malondialdehyde (MDA), and total serum antioxidant) were estimated in serum. In addition, histopathological and morphometric changes of the rat heart were assessed. The HCQ treated group showed increased serum levels of cardiac troponin-I, MDA and decreased serum levels of total antioxidant. Pathological picture of myocardial hypertrophy and degeneration together with depleted cardiac tissue expression of troponin T were also observed. The characteristic features were presence of whorled myelin bodies and curvilinear bodies by EM examination. These parameters improved better in the group receiving combination of QCT together with HCQ. So, Adding QCT to HCQ could be prophylactic measure against its cardiotoxic effect compared with HCQ treatment alone. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-18 Original Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1208 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1208.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Mona G Amer* and Nader M. Mohamed","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1209 2021-03-21 JBRES:VOL2

Burden of Anemia, Perinatal Outcome Community Based Study among Rural Tribal Pregnant Women in an Extremely Low Resource Region [{"author_name":"Shakuntala Chhabra* and Rathod V","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] Background: Persisting burden of anaemia during pregnancy, global public health concern, is commonest disorder globally. Severe anaemia is potentially fatal for mother and baby. Objective: Present study was carried out to know about burden of anaemia and perinatal outcome in rural tribal pregnant women. Material methods: Prospective community based study was conducted in 100 villages, where mother, child care services were initiated after having created a health facility in one, using pretested tool to get information required as per objectives. Results: Of 3713 women who delivered, 2617 (70.5%) were anaemic, 1351 (36.4%) mildly, 964 (26.0%) moderately, 211 (5.7%) severely and 91 (2.5%) very severely anaemic during pregnancy. Amongst 2617 anaemic women, 8.6% had Preterm (PT), 91.4% term births, 4% of 225 PT were Intra Uterine Foetal Deaths (IUFDs), 0.9% of 2392 term IUFDs, seventeen (7.5%) of 225 PT babies were Stillborn (SB), 5.2% of 2392 term SB, 78.6% of 225 PT were Low Birth Weight (LBW), 73.4% of 2392 term LBW, 70.2% of 225 PT were Small for Gestational Age (SGA) babies and 36.5% of 2392 term SGA. Total 1.8% babies had early Neonatal Deaths (NNDs) and 0.7% late NNDs. Amongst 1096 non-anaemic women, 1.3% had PT, 98.7% term births, no IUFD, All 14 PT births were SB, 3.9% term born were SB, 1.2% PT were LBW, 30.5% term LBW, 0.6% PT SGA, 3.8% term SGA. Total 0.09% early NNDs occurred in non-anaemic women. Of 10 women who died, five had severe anaemia, three of them died of post-partum haemorrhage, one congestive cardiac failure, one puerperal sepsis with multi-organ failure. Conclusion: Anaemia was very common in rural tribal pregnant women, quite a few were very severely anaemic with many LBW, SGA babies, perinatal and maternal deaths. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-21 Research Article text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1209 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1209.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Shakuntala Chhabra* and Rathod V","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}]

oai:jelsciences.com:10.37871/jbres1210 2021-03-21 JBRES:VOL2

Quarantine Practices during Covid-19: Current Experiences and Strategic Prevention from Future Pandemics [{"author_name":"Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Sohail Raza and Muhammad Asif Rasheed","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] This century has faced various pandemics within the couple of decades. These pandemics knocked global public health systems and opened up the gaps to grasp these outbreaks. Quarantine or isolation of the susceptible individuals is an ancient technique that has been proven very effective. This technique is however not practiced accurately for current pandemic of COVID-19, due to which the COVID-19 infection is re-occurring in most part of the world. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2021-03-21 Brief Report text/html https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1210 https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1210.php Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences en Copyright © [{"author_name":"Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Sohail Raza and Muhammad Asif Rasheed","author_email":"","department":"","university":"","country":"","number":""}] ||oai_dc|100|2026-05-17T18:16:44Z